Abstract
High rate complications and recurrences in reconstructive surgery using in situ synthetic/polypropylene (PP) meshes have driven to a new concept based on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for homeostasis repair in pelvic floor disorders (PFD). Prevention and therapy with MSCs are up to date analyzed on small and large animal models, less in women trials. Cell based-vaginal/intraurethral, or systemically introduced, tissue engineering (TE) with new generation meshes/scaffolds MSCs seeded-bone marrow, adipose tissue and recently proposed the endometrial/menstrual MSCs (eMSCs/MenSCs) for PFDs, management. Easy collected, isolated with specific markers, cultured for number harvesting, without ethic and immune compatibility issues, with unique biologic properties eMSCs/MenSCs differentiate in many cellular types—smooth muscle, and fibroblast-like cells, preserving cell shape, and phenotype, without oncogenic risks, and collagen, elastin fibers; eMSCs/MenSCsare appropriate for PFDs management, respecting good protocols for human safety. The quick appeared regenerative effect-mediated by angiogenesis, apoptosis inhibition, cell proliferation, no chronic inflammation and low/no foreign body reactions, less thick collagen fibers, and fibrosis improve connective/neuromuscular tissues; less pelvic structures stiffness with more elasticity are advantages for new meshes/scaffolds generation in TE. Human eSMCs/MenSCs deliver bioactive factors by their exosomes/microvesicles/secretome for paracrine effects to injury site, facilitating in vivo tissue repair.