A Comprehensive Guide of Cellular Blood-Derived and Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Autologous Biological Preparations for Tissue Repair, Regeneration, and Wound Healing

Abstract

The use of autologous biological preparations (ABPs) and their combinations fills a void in health care treatment options that exists between surgical procedures and current pharmaceutical treatments. There is a wide range of ABPs that can safely and effectively be prepared at point of care using tissues from the patient such as peripheral blood, bone marrow, and adipose tissue to treat a wide range of clinical conditions. The use of blood-derived and mesenchymal stem cell cellular preparations plays important roles in the modulation of tissue repair processes in complex biological settings. Biological products derived from autologous tissues are advantageous because of their autologous nature and their safety profiles. ABPs include platelet-rich plasma (PRP), bone marrow concentrates (BMCs), and adipose tissue complex (ATC) with its unique stromal vascular fractions (SVFs). In addition, ABPs can be combined to create biological preparations that are more diverse and possess a high degree of regenerative activity and potential. Likewise, concentrated acellular plasma proteins can generate a temporary fibrin matrix to interact with the bioactive molecules of various ABPs. Practitioners reason that the application of ABPs can mimic the classical healing and angiogenesis cascades to initiate tissue repair, regeneration, and wound healing during non-surgical interventions, aiming to restore the integrity and function of damaged tissues.