Author:
Izeli Portilho Amanda,De Gaspari Elizabeth
Abstract
The outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are vesicles released from Gram-negative bacteria, which present a range of biological applications, such as vaccine adjuvants. OMVs present several pathogen-associated molecular patterns, being immunogenic and capable of triggering different arms of the immune response. Thus, they are suitable for mucosal and parenteral delivery, feasible to obtain and have been used in licensed-vaccines previously. However, the extraction protocols and manipulations can modify OMVs cargo and, consequentially, the immunization results. Therefore, this chapter will review OMVs use as adjuvant and discuss results from COVID-19 vaccines which employed this technique.