Fundamentals Applications of Controlled Release Drug Delivery

Abstract

The advancement of pharmacology and pharmacokinetics highlighted the important role of drug release kinetics in the determination of therapeutic outcomes of treatments. The advent of modified release dosage forms marked a significant innovation. Technological progressions in coating methods gained momentum in the late 1800s, encompassing innovations like sugar and enteric coatings applied to pills and tablets. Subsequent advancements led to the refinement of enteric coatings for tablets, which eventually evolved into the incorporation of a secondary drug within the sugar coating layer. However, the initial patent for oral-sustained release formulations was awarded to Lipowski. His formulation comprised miniature-coated beads designed to achieve gradual and consistent drug release. This concept was subsequently refined by Blythe, leading to the introduction of the first commercially available sustained release product. Over the last three decades, the escalating complexities associated with bringing new drugs to market, coupled with the recognized merits of Controlled Release Drug Delivery Systems (CRDDS). Presently, oral controlled drug delivery systems have emerged as significant avenues, particularly for compounds characterized by high water solubility and abbreviated biological half-lives. Beyond oral administration, diverse routes such as transdermal, ocular, vaginal, and parenteral approaches are utilized for controlled release of various therapeutic agents.