Risk of Head and Neck Cancer in Patients with Psoriasis: A Nationwide Population-based Study

Abstract

An association between psoriasis and cancer risk has been suggested in prior studies, but few have focused on head and neck cancers. Using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, the relevance between psoriasis and head and neck cancer risks was investigated in a cross-sectional study of 3,869,264 individuals over 20 years of age, who received general health examination in 2009 and were followed until 2020. Head and neck cancer incidence rates were compared between individuals with and without psoriasis, and contributing factors were analysed. The head and neck cancer risk was significantly increased in the psoriasis group compared with the non-psoriasis group (hazard ratio [HR] 1.36; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07–1.74; p = 0.01) after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, income, smoking, alcohol, exercise, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and dyslipidaemia. The risk was especially elevated for nasopharyngeal (HR 2.04; 95% CI 1.12–3.70; p = 0.02) and salivary gland cancer (HR 1.96; 95% CI 1.08–3.56; p = 0.03). Alcohol consumption significantly influenced the risk, particularly for oropharyngeal and oral cavity cancer. Our study provides insights into the potential risks of head and neck cancer in patients with psoriasis, which could aid in refining patient management strategies.