Green Revolution DELLA Proteins: Functional Analysis and Regulatory Mechanisms

Abstract

The DELLA genes, also referred to as Green Revolution genes, encode conserved master growth regulators in plants. The nuclear-localized DELLA proteins are transcription regulators that interact with hundreds of transcription factors and other transcription regulators. They not only function as gibberellin signaling repressors in vascular plants but also play a central role in coordinating diverse signaling pathways in response to both internal hormonal signals and external cues (e.g., light and nutrient conditions, biotic and abiotic stresses). Through a combination of genetic, genomic, biochemical, and structural studies, significant advances have been made in understanding both the functional domains and motifs within DELLAs and the molecular mechanisms underlying their function. Here, we highlight new insights into the molecular workings of DELLA proteins, including an evolutionary perspective.