Retinal Pigment Epithelium Replacement Therapy for Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Are We There Yet?

Author:

Sharma Ruchi1,Bose Devika1,Maminishkis Arvydas2,Bharti Kapil1

Affiliation:

1. Unit on Ocular and Stem Cell Translational Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA;

2. Section on Epithelial and Retinal Physiology and Disease, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA

Abstract

Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are a potential replacement tissue source for degenerative diseases. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a blinding disease triggered by degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), a monolayer tissue that functionally supports retinal photoreceptors. Recently published clinical and preclinical studies have tested PSC-derived RPE as a potential treatment for AMD. Multiple approaches have been used to manufacture RPE cells, to validate them functionally, to confirm their safety profile, and to deliver them to patients either as suspension or as a monolayer patch. Since most of these studies are at an early regulatory approval stage, the primary outcome has been to determine the safety of RPE transplants in patients. However, preliminary signs of efficacy were observed in a few patients. Here, we review the current progress in the PSC-derived RPE transplantation field and provide a comparative assessment of various approaches under development as potential therapeutics for AMD.

Publisher

Annual Reviews

Subject

Pharmacology,Toxicology

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