Lone-Star retractor perineal exposure method for laparoscopic abdominal perineal resection of rectal cancer

Abstract

BACKGROUND The abdominal perineal resection (APR), historically referred to as Mile’s procedure, stands as a time-honored surgical intervention for rectal cancer management. Advancements in surgical techniques and the advent of neoadjuvant therapies have significantly improved the rate of sphincter preservation among patients afflicted with rectal cancer, including those with ultralow rectal cancer. Despite these improvements, APR maintains its irreplaceable role in the clinical landscape, particularly for cases involving low rectal cancer with encroachment on the external anal sphincter or levator ani muscles. Optimal perineal exposure stands as a pivotal phase in APR, given that the precision of this maneuver is directly correlated with both the safety of the surgery and the patient’s subsequent long-term prognosis. AIM To evaluate the value of Lone-Star retractor (LSR) perineal exposure method in the treatment for laparoscopic APR of rectal cancer. METHODS We reviewed the records of 38 patients with rectal cancer at Anqing Municipal Hospital from January 2020 to December 2023, including 20 patients who underwent the APR procedure with a LSR perineal exposure method (LSR group) and 18 patients who underwent the APR procedure with a conventional perineal exposure method (control group). In the LSR group, following incision of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, the LSR was placed and dynamically adjusted according to the surgical plane to fully expose the perineal operative field. RESULTS A total of 38 patients underwent laparoscopic APR, none of whom were found to have distant metastasis upon intraoperative exploration. Perineal blood loss, the postoperative hospital stays and the wound pain scores in the LSR group were significantly lower than those in the control group. A single surgeon completed the perineal operation significantly more often in the LSR group than in the control group (P < 0.05). The incidence of infection via the perineal incision in the LSR group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). No cases of distant metastasis or local recurrence were found among the patients at the postoperative follow-up. CONCLUSION The application of the LSR technique might be helpful for performing perineal exposure during APR for rectal cancer and could reduce the incidence of perineal complications, shorten the postoperative hospital stay, improve postoperative pain, and allow one surgeon to perform the perineal operation.