Association between heat shock factor protein 4 methylation and colorectal cancer risk and potential molecular mechanisms: A bioinformatics study

Abstract

BACKGROUND We previously demonstrated that heat shock factor protein 4 (HSF4) facilitates colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. DNA methylation, a major modifier of gene expression and stability, is involved in CRC development and outcome. AIM To investigate the correlation between HSF4 methylation and CRC risk, and to uncover the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS Differences in β values of HSF4 methylation loci in multiple malignancies and their correlation with HSF4 mRNA expression were analyzed based on Shiny Methylation Analysis Resource Tool. HSF4 methylation-related genes were identified by LinkedOmics in CRC, and Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were performed. Protein-protein interaction network of HSF4 methylation-related genes was constructed by String database and MCODE algorithm. RESULTS A total of 19 CpG methylation loci were identified in HSF4 , and their β values were significantly increased in CRC tissues and exhibited a positive correlation with HSF4 mRNA expression. Unfortunately, the prognostic and diagnostic performance of these CpG loci in CRC patients was mediocre. In CRC, there were 1694 HSF4 methylation-related genes; 1468 of which displayed positive and 226 negative associations, and they were involved in regulating phenotypes such as immune, inflammatory, and metabolic reprogramming. EGFR , RELA , STAT3 , FCGR3A , POLR2K , and AXIN1 are hub genes among the HSF4 methylation-related genes. CONCLUSION HSF4 is highly methylated in CRC, but there is no significant correlation between it and the prognosis and diagnosis of CRC. HSF4 methylation may serve as one of the ways in which HSF4 mediates the CRC process.