Preparation and properties of spodumene/silicon carbide composite ceramic materials

Abstract

<sec>Silicon carbide (SiC) is widely used due to the lower coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), high thermal conductivity and excellent mechanical properties. However, the self-diffusion coefficient of SiC relative to that of oxide ceramics is very low, it is difficult to sinter at lower temperature. The <i>β</i>-spodumene has ultra low or even negative thermal expansion coefficient combined with good thermal and chemical durability, which melts at 1423 ℃. Accordingly, the present study focuses on the use of <i>β</i>-spodumene as a flux at lower sintering temperature and the preparation of lower CET composite ceramics. The effects of spodumene on the sintering behavior, phase relations, thermal expansion and mechanical properties of spodumene/silicon carbide composites are discussed.</sec><sec>A high pure <i>β</i>-spodumene LiAlSi₂O₆ compound with nearly zero thermal expansion coefficient is synthesized via solid phase sintering. Spodumene/silicon carbide composites are fabricated by the adding 25, 30, 35 and 40 mass% synthesized <i>β</i>-spodumene powder to 75, 70, 65 and 60 mass% <i>α</i>-SiC matrix, respectively. Both <i>β</i>-spodumene and SiC are fabricated by conventional pressureless liquid sintering technique, and the batches are uniaxially pressed into discs and rectangular bars, then sintered at 1550 ℃ for 2 h in an Ar atmosphere.</sec><sec>The results show that the SiC and <i>β</i>-spodumene do not react during sintering, and the <i>β</i>-spodumene changes from tetragonal phase into hexagonal phase, the cell volume has a considerable shrinkage. A certain amount of liquid phase can help to enhance the density, improve Young’s modulus and promote the sintering behavior of SiC. When the feedstock contains 35% <i>β</i>-spodumene, the Young’s modulus reaches to (204.2 ± 0.5) GPa. Excess porosity is formed when liquid phase is too much during sintering, The Young's modulus of the sample 40SP is (119.6 ± 0.5) GPa. It is determined that the Young’s modulus of these materials are affected by porosity and internal microcracks. This study indicates that the content of <i>β</i>-spodumene and porosity are the dominant factors to control the CET of composites, but the porosity has a stronger effect. Besides, the microcracks, which are formed by the interaction of various internal stresses, are also an impotant factor. The materials with nearly zero thermal expansion are developed in a lower temperature range from –150 ℃ to 25 ℃, the spodumene content in the most stable composite reaches 40 mass%, and the CET of composite is close to that of Si (α_{25 ℃} = 2.59 × 10^–6 ℃^–1) in a temperature range of 25–480 ℃.</sec>