Exploring the Potential of Laser Technology in Oil Well Drilling: Recent Advances and Future Recommendations

Abstract

Abstract Conventional rotary drilling techniques employed in crude oil and natural gas extraction present notable challenges and financial burdens. To mitigate these obstacles and minimize drilling expenditures, oil enterprises are investigating innovative cost-saving approaches. Laser technology has emerged as a non-invasive alternative to traditional methods, garnering attention within the oil and gas sector. This study assesses the feasibility of laser drilling as a promising departure from rotary drilling practices. The research undertakes a comprehensive examination of global studies on the utilization of lasers in oil and gas well drilling, providing insights into the technology's potential and offering recommendations for its practical integration in the oilfield. Extensive lab-scale experiments have showcased the proficiency of contemporary laser models in spalling, melting, and vaporizing various rock formations, ranging from Berea sandstone to highly resilient granite and basalt. Analyzing the rate of penetration against the required specific energy under diverse conditions facilitates an assessment of the technique's efficacy. Experimental findings indicate that fluid saturation within drilled rock does not impede the drillability rate. Advantages over conventional methods include heightened penetration rates, reduced tripping, casing, and bit costs, improved well management, and enhanced side-tracking capabilities. Consequently, laser technology promises to facilitate sustainable field operations, offering manifold benefits in operational efficiency, cost reduction, and environmental preservation. Nevertheless, technological challenges such as borehole cleaning, well control, beam downhole delivery, and complex formation conditions necessitate further exploration. The development of laser-assisted drill bits and downhole laser drilling machinery holds promise with advancing laser technology and sustained research into the technique's viability from both technical and economic standpoints. Crucial technical recommendations for laser drilling technology in the oil and gas industry encompass conducting feasibility studies, investing in research and development, validating technology through field trials, prioritizing safety and environmental concerns, performing cost analyses, instituting training programs, ensuring regulatory compliance, fostering collaboration and knowledge exchange, and continuously monitoring and enhancing performance. Adhering to these recommendations enables the industry to optimize drilling efficiency, curtail costs, and champion environmental stewardship, thereby advancing sustainable practices in oil and gas exploration.