1. From the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.B.L.-F.); Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (A.K.B.); School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (S.A.W.); Jefferson School of Medicine, Thomas Jefferso