1. From the Departments of Urology and Health Services, David Geffen School of Medicine and School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (JCH, MSL), Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California (EPE, DJP, DPL, PRC), and Departments of Urology and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (MWK)