The incidence and predisposing factors for irritable bowel syndrome following COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorder. Several studies have analyzed the long-term GI symptoms and IBS following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the incidence and predisposing factors for IBS following COVID-19 by a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: Electronic databases were searched to identify relevant studies. Primary outcomes were the pooled incidence rate of IBS following COVID-19 and the pooled relative risk (RR) for IBS in the COVID-19 group compared to the non-COVID-19 group. Secondary outcomes were the pooled RR and the standardized mean difference (SMD) for predisposing factors in the IBS group compared to the non-IBS group. Heterogeneity was evaluated using Cochran’s Q test and I 2 statistics. Results: Ten studies were included in this study. The pooled incidence rate of IBS in COVID-19 patients was 12%. The pooled incidence rate of IBS-D, IBS-C and IBS-M was 5%, 2% and 1%. The pooled incidence rate of IBS in 6 and 12 months was 10% and 3%. The pooled RR for IBS in COVID-19 patients was 1.23 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.50–3.01] compared to non-COVID-19 patients. The pooled RR or SMD for mild, moderate, and severe disease activity, procalcitonin (PCT), depression or anxiety in IBS patients following COVID-19 was 0.94 (95% CI = 0.74–1.21), 1.19 (95% CI = 0.65–2.21), 1.30 (95% CI = 0.63–2.66), 6.73 (95% CI = 6.08–7.38) and 3.21 (95% CI = 1.79–5.75). Conclusion: The incidence of IBS following COVID-19 was 12%. But it was not higher than the general population. We also found some predisposing factors for IBS including depression or anxiety, PCT.