Complications and local recurrence of malignant liver tumor after ablation in risk areas: a retrospective analysis

Abstract

Introduction Microwave ablation (MWA) is an effective local treatment for malignant liver tumors; however, its efficacy and safety for liver tumors adjacent to important organs are debatable. Patients and methods Forty-three cases with liver tumors adjacent to important organs were the risk group and 66 cases were the control group. The complications between two groups were compared by chi-square test and t-test. Local tumor recurrence (LTR) was analyzed by log-rank test. Factors affecting complications were analyzed by logistic regression and Spearman analyses. Factors affecting LTR were analyzed by Cox regression analysis. A receiver operating characteristic curve predicted pain treated with drugs and LTR. Results We found no significant difference in complications and LTR between two groups. The risk group experienced lower ablation energy and more antennas per tumor than control group. Necrosis volume after MWA was positively correlated with pain; necrosis volume and ablation time were positively correlated with recovery duration. Major diameter of tumor >3 cm increased risk of LTR by 3.319-fold, good lipiodol deposition decreased risk of LTR by 73.4%. The area under the curve (AUC) for necrosis volume in predicting pain was 0.74, with a 69.1 cm3 cutoff. AUC for major diameter of tumor in predicting LTR was 0.68, with a 27.02 mm cutoff. Conclusion MWA on liver tumors in at-risk areas is safe and effective, this is largely affected by proper ablation energy, antennas per tumor, and experienced doctors. LTR is primarily determined by major diameter of tumor and lipiodol deposition status.