Picky eating or something more? Differentiating ARFID from typical childhood development

Abstract

Abstract: Picky eating is a commonly observed behavior among children that comprises a part of typical development and usually resolves with time. A regular concern for parents, children's picky eating is routinely addressed successfully by pediatric clinicians via anticipatory guidance and basic nutrition education. In some cases, however, a child who is a picky eater may develop a feeding and eating disorder. Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is one such disorder that is often marked by an apparent lack of interest in or avoidance of food based on its sensory characteristics or on the individual's fear of possible negative consequences of consumption. ARFID is associated with significant weight loss or failure to achieve expected weight gain; nutritional deficiency; need for supplemental feeding; and/or negative psychosocial effects. The disorder can impact children's overall trajectory of growth and development. Pediatric clinicians must be aware of appropriate monitoring for the milestones of typical development in order to identify any feeding and eating disorder as soon as possible, thereby enabling early intervention and avoiding poor health outcomes. Clinicians must also familiarize themselves with the diagnostic criteria for ARFID, a rare disorder with which many may be unfamiliar.