1. Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
2. Department of Anesthesiology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
3. Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
4. Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
5. Department of Emergency Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan