Effect of Different Local Antibiotic Regimens on Prevention of Postoperative Infection in Clean Surgical Wounds: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis

Abstract

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of several local antibiotic regimens in preventing surgical site infection (SSI) in clean surgical wounds. DATA SOURCES The authors searched CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), the VIP (VIP information resource integration service platform), Wanfang Data knowledge service platform (WANFANG), SinoMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and PubMed. STUDY SELECTION A total of 20 randomized controlled trials published between January 1, 2000 and April 1, 2021 were included in this meta-analysis. DATA EXTRACTION Authors extracted the name of the first author, publication date, country, type of surgery, follow-up time, mean age of participants, sample size of each group, interventions, outcome indicators, and study type from each article. DATA SYNTHESIS The overall effectiveness of eight local managements in reducing the incidence of the SSI effect were compared through the SUCRA (surface under the cumulative ranking curve) probabilities. The results of a network meta-analysis demonstrated that gentamicin ointment (odds ratio [OR], 0.16; 95% CI, 0.04–0.60), mupirocin ointment (OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.21–0.94), and gentamicin soaking of the graft (OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.44–0.91) significantly reduced the incidence of SSI compared with control. Further, vancomycin soaking of the graft (86.7%) ranked first, followed by gentamicin ointment (81.1%), gentamicin irrigation (79.9%), mupirocin ointment (56.8%), triple antibiotic ointment (47.8%), gentamicin soaking of the graft (42.3%), and vancomycin powder (22.1%); ampicillin powder (17.8%) was the least effective drug. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that local antibiotics combined with conventional antibiotics in the wound before wound closure are effective in reducing the incidence of SSI in clean surgical wounds. Vancomycin inoculation of the graft exhibited the best effect.