1. Graduate Student in Anesthesia, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
2. Assistant of Anesthesia, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.
3. Chief Anesthesiologist, Takashima General Hospital, Shiga, Japan.
4. Chief Anesthesiologist, Kyoto City Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.
5. Professor and Chair of Anesthesia, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.