Prevalence of Computer Vision Syndrome and Its Risk Factors in a Spanish University Population

Abstract

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of digital eye strain or computer vision syndrome (CVS) and its risk factors in a university population (University of Valladolid, Spain). Methods: An anonymous cross-sectional online survey was conducted in a university population [staff (lecturers and administrative employees) and students (undergraduate, master's, and PhD)], including two validated questionnaires (Ocular Surface Disease Index [OSDI] and the 17-item Computer-Vision Symptom Scale questionnaire [CVSS17]) and questions about sociodemographic data and visual display terminal use. The prevalence and risk factors for CVS (CVSS17≥29) (multivariate logistic regression model) were calculated. Results: One thousand nine participants responded to the survey (35.2±15.2 years; 64.1% women). The mean OSDI and CVSS17 questionnaire scores were 18.9±15.6 and 31.5±6.4, respectively, and 35.4% of the respondents had dry eye symptoms (OSDI>22). The total prevalence of CVS was 65.4% (95% CI 62.1–68.3). Undergraduate students showed the highest CVS prevalence (72.6%; P<0.01), which was significant. In addition, women, participants younger than 36 years old, contact lens wearers, and subjects with dry eye symptoms reported a statistically higher CVSS17 score (P≤0.01). In the multivariate model, significant factors associated with the presence of CVS (P≤0.03) were female sex (OR=2.10; 95% CI 1.54–2.88), dry eye symptoms (OSDI>22) (OR=16.98; 95% CI 10.36–27.84), VTD use ≥6 hr daily (OR=1.96; 95% CI 1.09–3.52), and being an undergraduate student (OR=2.23; 95% CI 1.54–3.24). Conclusion: A high prevalence (65.4%) of CVS was found among the Spanish university population, with the undergraduate student group having the highest prevalence (72.6%). Female sex, more than 6 hr/day of visual display terminal use, being an undergraduate student, and dry eye symptoms significantly increased the risk of CVS in the university population.