Long-term results of hyperopic ablations using alcohol-assisted PRK and FS-LASIK: comparative study

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the long-term visual and refractive outcomes of hyperopic excimer ablation using alcohol-assisted photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and femtosecond laser–assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK). Setting: American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon. Design: Retrospective, matched comparative study. Methods: Eyes that underwent alcohol-assisted PRK were compared to matched eyes that underwent FS-LASIK. All patients were followed up for at least 3 years after surgery. The refractive and visual outcomes of each group were compared at different postoperative time points. The main outcome measures were spherical equivalent deviation from target (SEDT), manifest refraction, and visual acuity. Results: 83 eyes underwent alcohol-assisted PRK and 83 matched eyes underwent FS-LASIK. Preoperative manifest refraction spherical equivalent was 2.44 ± 1.18 diopters (D) and 2.20 ± 0.87 D (P = .133) in the PRK and FS-LASIK groups, respectively. Preoperative manifest cylinder was −0.77 ± 0.89 D and −0.61 ± 0.59 D (P = .175) for the PRK and LASIK groups, respectively. 3 years postoperatively, SEDT was 0.28 ± 0.66 D and 0.40 ± 0.56 D for the PRK and LASIK groups, respectively (P = .222), whereas manifest cylinder was −0.55 ± 0.49 D and −0.30 ± 0.34 D for PRK and LASIK, respectively (P < .001). The mean difference vector was 0.59 ± 0.46 for PRK and 0.38 ± 0.32 for LASIK (P < .001). 13.3% of PRK eyes and 0% of LASIK eyes had >1 D of manifest cylinder (P = .003). Conclusions: Both alcohol-assisted PRK and FS-LASIK are safe and effective for the treatment of hyperopia. PRK induces slightly more postoperative astigmatism than LASIK. Larger optical zones and recently introduced ablation profiles that lead to a smoother ablation surface might improve the clinical results of hyperopic PRK.