Incidence of hypertension in people with HIV infection: a longitudinal observational study

Abstract

Objective: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in people with HIV (PWH). Although hypertension is a well-known risk factor for CVD, studies investigating incident hypertension in PWH and its risk factors are scarce. In the present study, we set out to investigate incident hypertension and its predictors in the context of well-treated HIV infection. Methods: We included 532 PWH from the Copenhagen Comorbidity in HIV (COCOMO study). All included individuals took part in both baseline and 2.5 years follow-up examinations. Linear and Poisson regression were used to test our hypotheses, both before and after adjusting for confounders. Results: One hundred and five (19.7%) cases of incident hypertension occurred during 1217 person-years of follow-up (PYFU), corresponding to 8.5 cases per 100 PYFU. Waist-hip-ratio (relative risk (RR) 1.61 [1.34–1.94] and adjusted RR (aRR) 1.54 [1.24–1.91]) and central obesity (RR 2.41 [1.61–3.61] and aRR 2.29 [1.49, 3.52]) were significantly associated with this condition. No HIV-specific factors were found to be associated with incident hypertension. Conclusions: In the present study, the incidence rate of hypertension in well-treated PWH was comparable to that of the general population from similar socio-economic settings. Traditional risk factors, in particular age and indices of adipose tissue accumulation, were associated with incident hypertension. Our results may further underline the pivotal importance of focusing on lifestyle changes and weight loss, rather than on HIV-specific factors, in order to prevent incident hypertension in well-treated PWH.