Frailty and prefrailty phenotypes increase the odds of abnormal cognitive impairment screens in people with HIV

Abstract

Objective: Evaluate whether prefrail and frail people with HIV (PWH) have a higher risk of cognitive impairment on screens. Methods: Analysis of PWH aged 70 or older included in the ANRS EP66 SEPTAVIH cohort, on antiretroviral therapy for at least 12 months and with a MoCA test at enrolment. Adjusted risk of a Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) less than 26 was compared in frail/prefrail versus robust PWH. Results: A total of 503 PWH were enrolled with a median age of 73 years, IQR [71–77], 81.5% were male, 73.8% were French natives, 32.9% had low socio-economic status (EPICES score >30.2), and 41.3% were college graduates; 27.3% had a history of clinical AIDS. A total of 294 (58.5%) PWH had a MoCA score less than 26; 182 (36%) a MoCA score 23 or less. Frailty, prefrailty and robustness were found in 13.1, 63.6 and 23.3% participants, respectively. PWH with a MoCA less than 26 had a significantly higher risk of being frail/prefrail, this before [odds ratio (OR) = 2.31; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.50–3.57], and after adjustment for confounders (OR = 1.80; 95% CI 1.07–3.01). The risk of being frail/prefrail in patients with a MoCA 23 or less was higher (adjusted OR = 2.75; 95% CI 1.46–5.16). Other factors independently associated with a MoCA less than 26 were older age, birth outside of France and a lower education level and being diabetic. Conclusion: Abnormal MoCA screens were frequent in our cohort of PWH aged 70 or older with controlled HIV disease. Cognitive impairment should be systematically screened in frail/prefrail PWH. Frailty/prefrailty, diabetes and social factors, but not HIV-related factors, are important determinants of cognitive function in PWH with controlled disease.