Direct Anterior Versus Posterior Approach for Total Hip Arthroplasty Performed for Displaced Femoral Neck Fractures

Abstract

Objectives: To compare perioperative, 90-day, and 1-year postoperative complications and outcomes between the direct anterior approach (DAA) and the posterior approach for total hip arthroplasty in geriatric patients with displaced femoral neck fractures (FNFs). Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Multicenter Health care Consortium. Patients: Seven-hundred and nine patients 60 years or older with acute displaced FNFs between 2009 and 2021. Intervention: Total hip arthroplasty using either DAA or posterior approach. Main Outcome Measurements: Rates of postoperative complications including dislocations, reoperations, and mortality at 90 days and 1 year postoperatively. Secondary outcome measures included ambulation capacity at discharge, ambulation distance with inpatient physical therapy, discharge disposition, and narcotic prescription quantities (morphine milligram equivalents). Results: Through a multivariable regression analysis, DAA was associated with significantly shorter operative time (B = −6.89 minutes; 95% confidence interval [CI] −12.84 to −0.93; P = 0.024), lower likelihood of blood transfusion during the index hospital stay (adjusted odds ratios = 0.54; 95% CI 0.27 to 0.96; P = 0.045), and decreased average narcotic prescription amounts at 90 days (B = −230.45 morphine milligram equivalents; 95% CI −440.24 to −78.66; P = 0.035) postoperatively. There were no significant differences in medical complications, dislocations, reoperations, and mortality at 90 days and 1 year postoperatively. Conclusion: When comparing the DAA versus posterior approach for total hip arthroplasty performed for displaced FNF, DAA was associated with shorter operative time, lower likelihood of blood transfusion, and lower 90-day postoperative narcotic prescription amounts. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.