1. Bristol Urological Institute, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
2. Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
3. Bristol Randomised Trials Collaboration (BRTC) as part of the Bristol Trials Centres (BTC), University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
4. Center for Data Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
5. Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom