Evaluation of Minimum Axial Airway Area and Airway Volume in Orthognathic Surgery Patients: A Retrospective Study

Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare preoperative and postoperative linear, planar, and volumetric measurements in the pharyngeal airway in orthognathic surgery patients. Preoperative and postoperative cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 60 patients, who underwent maxillary advancement with mandibular setback (Group I, n=25) and bimaxillary advancement (Group II, n=35), were compared. The airway was divided into 3 regions as nasopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx. Linear and planar measurements were made on the reference sections of each region. The minimum axial airway area, the volume of 3 regions, and total airway volume were also measured. Regarding the linear, planar, and volumetric measurements, while there was a statistically significant increase in the measurements for all three regions in Group II, in Group I only the measurements in the nasopharyngeal region demonstrated a statistically significant increase postoperatively (P<0.05). There was an increase in minimum axial airway areas in both groups; however, it was only statistically significant in Group II (P<0.05). There was a statistically significant increase in total airway volumes in both groups (P<0.05). A positive and good correlation was found between the percent increase in the minimum axial area and the percent increase in the total volume (P<0.05). While bimaxillary advancement surgery results in a significant increase in the pharyngeal airway, mandibular setback with maxillary advancement caused an increase in the total airway. Changes that may occur in the airway should be considered while planning orthognathic surgery.