A comparative analysis of ambulatory blood pressure characteristics in acute stroke and non-stroke Indian patients

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study is to identify 24-h blood pressure (BP) characteristics after acute stroke in Indian hospitalized patients. Methods: In total, 769 patients [284 women (36.9%)] admitted at a hospital in South India were analyzed. Of these, 364 patients (47.3%) had recently experienced stroke. All patients underwent ambulatory blood pressure measurement (ABPM) so that ABPM patterns and ABPM risk parameters of stroke and non-stroke patients could be compared. Additionally, to investigate the relationship between ABPM parameters and stroke, a stepwise logistic regression analysis was employed. Results: Stroke patients had significantly higher BP than non-stroke patients (24-h ABP: 145.0 ± 22.1 vs. 133.7 ± 20.5 mmHg, P < 0.001), with similar dipping status. ABPM parameters mostly associated with stroke (all P < 0.001) were: nighttime [odds ratios (OR): 1.587, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.341–1.885], 24-h (1.584, 1.34–1.881), minimum nighttime (1.582, 1.339–1.879), daytime (1.540, 1.304–1.827), and morning SBP (1.517, 1.287–1.797). Non-dipping status was relatively more common in stroke patients (79% vs. 71%, P < 0.05) but dipping percentage did not show a significant linear relationship with stroke. Conclusion: Several ABPM characteristics were strongly associated with stroke in Indian hospitalized patients. Specifically, minimum nighttime and average morning SBP may be considered as important and practical parameters for its relationship with stroke.