Perfluorocarbons in Research and Clinical Practice: A Narrative Review

Author:

Nocentini Giulia1,MacLaren Graeme2,Bartlett Robert3,De Luca Daniele45,Perdichizzi Salvatore6,Stoppa Francesca6,Marano Marco6,Cecchetti Corrado6,Biasucci Daniele G.7,Polito Angelo8,AlGhobaishi Abdullah9,Guner Yit10,Gowda Sharada H.11,Hirschl Ronald B.12,Di Nardo Matteo6ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Immune and Infectious Diseases Division, Research Unit of Primary Immunodeficiencies, IRCCS Bmbino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy

2. Cardiothoracic Intensive Care Unit, National University Health System, Singapore

3. Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan

4. Division of Pediatrics and Neonatal Critical Care, “A. Béclère” Medical Centre, Paris Saclay University Hospitals, APHP, Paris, France

5. Physiopathology and Therapeutic Innovation Unit-INSERM U999, Paris Saclay University, Paris, France

6. Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children’s Hospital Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy

7. Department of Clinical Science and Translational Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Rome, Italy

8. Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of Woman, Child, and Adolescent Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland

9. Pediatric Critical Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

10. Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Orange County and University of California Irvine, Orange, California

11. Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas

12. Section of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Abstract

Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) are organic liquids derived from hydrocarbons in which some of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by fluorine atoms. They are chemically and biologically inert substances with a good safety profile. They are stable at room temperature, easy to store, and immiscible in water. Perfluorocarbons have been studied in biomedical research since 1960 for their unique properties as oxygen carriers. In particular, PFCs have been used for liquid ventilation in unusual environments such as deep-sea diving and simulations of zero gravity, and more recently for drug delivery and diagnostic imaging. Additionally, when delivered as emulsions, PFCs have been used as red blood cell substitutes. This narrative review will discuss the multifaceted utilization of PFCs in therapeutics, diagnostics, and research. We will specifically emphasize the potential role of PFCs as red blood cell substitutes, as airway mechanotransducers during artificial placenta procedures, as a means to improve donor organ perfusion during the ex vivo assessment, and as an adjunct in cancer therapies because of their ability to reduce local tissue hypoxia.

Publisher

Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Subject

Biomedical Engineering,General Medicine,Biomaterials,Bioengineering,Biophysics

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