Abstract
BACKGROUND
Blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI) is rare but significant among injured children. Current BCVI screening criteria lack adequate diagnostic accuracy for pediatrics. This preplanned secondary analysis identified common risk factors for BCVI among a multicenter cohort of pediatric trauma centers within the ATOMAC+ Pediatric Trauma Research Network (APTRN) and derived a new set of screening criteria.
METHODS
A prospective, multi-institutional observational study of children <15 years old who sustained blunt trauma to the head, face, or neck (AIS > 0) who presented at one of six level I pediatric trauma centers over a 3-year period was conducted. Patients were prospectively screened using the Memphis criteria to determine need for diagnostic imaging. Additional physical and diagnostic examination findings, risk factors, and screening data were also collected for analysis.
RESULTS
A total of 2,283 patients were enrolled at the six trauma centers and 25 (1.09%) were diagnosed with a BCVI. Patients without two-week follow up were excluded from analysis, leaving 1327 patients for analysis. Many injuries predicted BCVI on univariate analysis in the study population (p < 0.0001). When examined with a multivariable logistic regression model, temporal fractures, sphenoid fractures, orbital roof fractures, fractures of C1–4, and/or ligamentous injuries of the cervical spine predicted BCVI in pediatric trauma patients with blunt head, face, or neck injuries. These criteria are used to define a set of screening criteria that are specific to pediatrics and practical to implement.
CONCLUSION
The A+ criteria for BCVI screening among pediatric trauma patients suggests a high sensitivity and specificity by including significant injuries and symptoms. These predictors of BCVI may be used to identify pediatric blunt trauma patients at high risk for BCVI while limiting radiation exposure to children.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
(Diagnostic Test/Criteria); Level II.
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)