Treatment of arteriovenous fistula with aneurysm using the forearm branch of the cephalic vein as a candidate vessel: A case report

Abstract

Background: Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the preferred vascular access for hemodialysis patients due to its better patency rates and fewer complications than other access types. However, some complications related to AVF could not be ignored, including swollen hands and an aneurysm. Although a patient could not continue hemodialysis, it might threaten the patient’s life if the rupture of the aneurysm is not immediately treated by the surgeon. A report of using the cephalic vein branch to treat this complication is uncommon. Case presentation: Herein, we present a case of a 42-year-old man in whom an AVF with an aneurysm was successfully treated using the excess cephalic vein branch. This method is a simple and effective intervention for managing aneurysm-associated complications. Additionally, this approach helps maintain the benefits of autogenous access while conserving future dialysis sites. Conclusion: The surgery was effective and safe for this kind of complication with swollen hands and aneurysm. Using the excess cephalic vein branch could reconstruct the AVF.