Quantitative emphysema on computed tomography imaging of chest is a risk factor for prognosis of esophagectomy: A retrospective cohort study

Abstract

The low attenuation area percentage (LAA%) is gaining popularity. LAA% is an index of quantitative emphysema on computed tomography (CT) imaging of the chest. This study aims to retrospectively investigate whether preoperative LAA% is associated with postoperative prognosis in patients with esophageal cancer who were scheduled for esophagectomy. From January 2016 to March 2020, 105 patients with esophageal cancer underwent esophagectomy via right thoracotomy and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. A Synapse Vincent volume analyzer (Fujifilm Medical, Tokyo, Japan) was used for measurement. The software automatically quantified LAA% using a threshold of less than − 950 Hounsfield units on CT images of lung regions. Cox proportional hazard analyses were performed in univariable and multivariable forms. Estimates of the receiver operating curve are used to determine the cutoff value for death of LAA%, and the binary value is then inserted into Cox proportional hazard analyses. The preoperative LAA% cutoff value was ≥ 6.3%. Patients with a preoperative LAA% ≥6.3% had a significantly worse prognosis than those with a preoperative LAA% of < 6.3%. LAA% ≥6.3% (hazard ratio: 6.76; 95% confidence interval: 2.56–17.90, P < .001) was the most influential preoperative factor for overall survival after esophagectomy in multivariate Cox proportional hazard analyses. LAA% is one of the preoperative risk factors for survival after esophagectomy and an indicator of lung condition using routinely performed preoperative CT images. We quantified the extent of preoperative emphysema in patients with esophageal cancer, who were scheduled for surgery, and for the first time, reported LAA% as one of the preoperative risk factors for survival after esophagectomy.