Effectiveness and safety of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant in the treatment of patients with morbid obesity or high body weight with venous thromboembolism: A meta-analysis

Abstract

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) poses a significant health risk to patients with morbid obesity or high body weight. Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are emerging treatments, but their effectiveness and safety compared with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in this population are yet to be thoroughly studied. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis, adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Four electronic databases were searched for relevant studies comparing the efficacy and safety of NOACs and VKAs in treating patients with VTE with a body mass index > 40 kg/m2 or body weight > 120 kg. Eligible studies were scored for quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results: Thirteen studies were included. The meta-analysis results showed that compared to VKAs, NOACs significantly decreased the risk of VTE occurrence (odds ratio = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.57–0.91, I 2 = 0%, P < .001) and were associated with a lower risk of bleeding (odds ratio = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.58–0.95, I 2 = 0%, P < .05). Subgroup analysis showed that in the cancer patient subgroup, both risks of VTE occurrence and bleeding were lower in the NOAC group than in the VKA group. In patients without cancer, the risk of VTE was significantly lower in the NOAC group. Conclusion: NOACs appear to be more effective and safer than VKAs in patients with morbid obesity or a high body weight with VTE. However, further large-scale randomized controlled trials are required to confirm these findings.