1. Department of Proctology, Yongchuan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
2. Department of Proctology, Bishan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
3. Chongqing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
4. Department of Coloproctology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.