The origins of mammal growth patterns during the Jurassic mammalian radiation

Author:

Newham Elis12ORCID,Corfe Ian J.34ORCID,Brewer Philippa5ORCID,Bright Jen A.6ORCID,Fernandez Vincent7ORCID,Gostling Neil J.8ORCID,Hoffmann Simone9ORCID,Jäger Kai R. K.2ORCID,Kague Erika1011ORCID,Lovric Goran12ORCID,Marone Federica12ORCID,Panciroli Elsa1314ORCID,Schneider Philipp1516ORCID,Schultz Julia A.2ORCID,Suhonen Heikki17ORCID,Witchell Alex8ORCID,Gill Pamela G.518ORCID,Martin Thomas2ORCID

Affiliation:

1. School of Engineering and Materials Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.

2. Section Palaeontology, Bonn Institute of Organismic Biology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany.

3. Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.

4. Research Laboratory, Geological Survey of Finland, Espoo, Finland.

5. Department of Science, Natural History Museum, London, UK.

6. School of Natural Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK.

7. European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France.

8. School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.

9. Department of Anatomy, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY, USA.

10. School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.

11. Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

12. Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland.

13. National Museums Scotland, Chambers Street, Edinburgh, UK.

14. Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Parks Road, Oxford, UK.

15. Bioengineering Science Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.

16. High-Performance Vision Systems, Center for Vision, Automation & Control, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria.

17. Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.

18. School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.

Abstract

We use synchrotron x-ray tomography of annual growth increments in the dental cementum of mammaliaforms (stem and crown fossil mammals) from three faunas across the Jurassic to map the origin of patterns of mammalian growth patterns, which are intrinsically related to mammalian endothermy. Although all fossils studied exhibited slower growth rates, longer life spans, and delayed sexual maturity relative to comparably sized extant mammals, the earliest crown mammals developed significantly faster growth rates in early life that reduced at sexual maturity, compared to stem mammaliaforms. Estimation of basal metabolic rates (BMRs) suggests that some fossil crown mammals had BMRs approaching the lowest rates of extant mammals. We suggest that mammalian growth patterns first evolved during their mid-Jurassic adaptive radiation, although growth remained slower than in extant mammals.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

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