Swirls and scoops: Ice base melt revealed by multibeam imagery of an Antarctic ice shelf

Author:

Wåhlin Anna1ORCID,Alley Karen E.2ORCID,Begeman Carolyn3ORCID,Hegrenæs Øyvind4,Yuan Xiaohan15,Graham Alastair G. C.6ORCID,Hogan Kelly7ORCID,Davis Peter E. D.7ORCID,Dotto Tiago S.8,Eayrs Clare9ORCID,Hall Robert A.10ORCID,Holland David M.11ORCID,Kim Tae Wan9ORCID,Larter Robert D.7ORCID,Ling Li12ORCID,Muto Atsuhiro13ORCID,Pettit Erin C.14ORCID,Schmidt Britney E.15ORCID,Snow Tasha16ORCID,Stedt Filip1ORCID,Washam Peter M.15ORCID,Wahlgren Stina1ORCID,Wild Christian17ORCID,Wellner Julia18ORCID,Zheng Yixi10ORCID,Heywood Karen J.10ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.

2. Centre for Earth Observation Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.

3. Fluid Dynamics and Solid Mechanics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA.

4. Department of Uncrewed Platforms, Kongsberg Discovery, Horten, Norway.

5. College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.

6. School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales, UK.

7. British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK.

8. National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK.

9. Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Republic of Korea.

10. Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.

11. Environmental Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, New York University, New York, NY, USA.

12. Division of Robotics, Perception and Learning, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.

13. Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

14. College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.

15. Departments of Astronomy and of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.

16. Department of Geophysics, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois St, Golden, CO, USA.

17. Department for Geoscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.

18. Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.

Abstract

Knowledge gaps about how the ocean melts Antarctica’s ice shelves, borne from a lack of observations, lead to large uncertainties in sea level predictions. Using high-resolution maps of the underside of Dotson Ice Shelf, West Antarctica, we reveal the imprint that ice shelf basal melting leaves on the ice. Convection and intermittent warm water intrusions form widespread terraced features through slow melting in quiescent areas, while shear-driven turbulence rapidly melts smooth, eroded topographies in outflow areas, as well as enigmatic teardrop-shaped indentations that result from boundary-layer flow rotation. Full-thickness ice fractures, with bases modified by basal melting and convective processes, are observed throughout the area. This new wealth of processes, all active under a single ice shelf, must be considered to accurately predict future Antarctic ice shelf melt.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

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