1000 spider silkomes: Linking sequences to silk physical properties

Author:

Arakawa Kazuharu1234ORCID,Kono Nobuaki13ORCID,Malay Ali D.5ORCID,Tateishi Ayaka56,Ifuku Nao5,Masunaga Hiroyasu7ORCID,Sato Ryota58,Tsuchiya Kousuke56ORCID,Ohtoshi Rintaro58ORCID,Pedrazzoli Daniel8,Shinohara Asaka8ORCID,Ito Yusuke8,Nakamura Hiroyuki58,Tanikawa Akio9ORCID,Suzuki Yuya1011ORCID,Ichikawa Takeaki12,Fujita Shohei13,Fujiwara Masayuki1,Tomita Masaru123ORCID,Blamires Sean J.14ORCID,Chuah Jo-Ann5ORCID,Craig Hamish514ORCID,Foong Choon P.56ORCID,Greco Gabriele15ORCID,Guan Juan16ORCID,Holland Chris17ORCID,Kaplan David L.18ORCID,Sudesh Kumar19ORCID,Mandal Biman B.202122ORCID,Norma-Rashid Y.23ORCID,Oktaviani Nur A.5ORCID,Preda Rucsanda C.18ORCID,Pugno Nicola M.1524ORCID,Rajkhowa Rangam25ORCID,Wang Xiaoqin26ORCID,Yazawa Kenjiro5ORCID,Zheng Zhaozhu26,Numata Keiji56ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0017, Japan.

2. Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-8520, Japan.

3. Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-8520, Japan.

4. Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.

5. Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.

6. Department of Material Chemistry, Kyoto University, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.

7. Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan.

8. Spiber Inc., Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan.

9. Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.

10. Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.

11. The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.

12. Kokugakuin Kugayama High School, Suginami, Tokyo 168-0082, Japan.

13. Graduate School of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga 840-8502, Japan.

14. Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.

15. Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, I-38123 Trento, Italy.

16. Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.

17. Natural Materials Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK.

18. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.

19. School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia.

20. Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, 781 039 Assam, India.

21. Center for Nanotechnology, IITG, Guwahati, 781 039 Assam, India.

22. School of Health Sciences and Technology, IITG, Guwahati, 781 039 Assam, India.

23. Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

24. School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, E1 4NS London, UK.

25. Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia.

26. College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.

Abstract

Spider silks are among the toughest known materials and thus provide models for renewable, biodegradable, and sustainable biopolymers. However, the entirety of their diversity still remains elusive, and silks that exceed the performance limits of industrial fibers are constantly being found. We obtained transcriptome assemblies from 1098 species of spiders to comprehensively catalog silk gene sequences and measured the mechanical, thermal, structural, and hydration properties of the dragline silks of 446 species. The combination of these silk protein genotype-phenotype data revealed essential contributions of multicomponent structures with major ampullate spidroin 1 to 3 paralogs in high-performance dragline silks and numerous amino acid motifs contributing to each of the measured properties. We hope that our global sampling, comprehensive testing, integrated analysis, and open data will provide a solid starting point for future biomaterial designs.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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