Multiomic signals associated with maternal epidemiological factors contributing to preterm birth in low- and middle-income countries

Author:

Espinosa Camilo A.123ORCID,Khan Waqasuddin4ORCID,Khanam Rasheda5ORCID,Das Sayan6ORCID,Khalid Javairia4,Pervin Jesmin7ORCID,Kasaro Margaret P.89ORCID,Contrepois Kévin10ORCID,Chang Alan L.123ORCID,Phongpreecha Thanaphong1311ORCID,Michael Basil10ORCID,Ellenberger Mathew10ORCID,Mehmood Usma4,Hotwani Aneeta4,Nizar Ambreen4,Kabir Furqan4,Wong Ronald J.2ORCID,Becker Martin123ORCID,Berson Eloise1311ORCID,Culos Anthony12312ORCID,De Francesco Davide123ORCID,Mataraso Samson123ORCID,Ravindra Neal123ORCID,Thuraiappah Melan123ORCID,Xenochristou Maria123,Stelzer Ina A.1ORCID,Marić Ivana2ORCID,Dutta Arup6ORCID,Raqib Rubhana13ORCID,Ahmed Salahuddin14ORCID,Rahman Sayedur14ORCID,Hasan A. S. M. Tarik14,Ali Said M.15,Juma Mohamed H.15,Rahman Monjur7ORCID,Aktar Shaki7ORCID,Deb Saikat615ORCID,Price Joan T.916ORCID,Wise Paul H.2,Winn Virginia D.17ORCID,Druzin Maurice L.17ORCID,Gibbs Ronald S.17ORCID,Darmstadt Gary L.2ORCID,Murray Jeffrey C.18,Stringer Jeffrey S. A.9ORCID,Gaudilliere Brice12ORCID,Snyder Michael P.10ORCID,Angst Martin S.1ORCID,Rahman Anisur7ORCID,Baqui Abdullah H.5ORCID,Jehan Fyezah4ORCID,Nisar Muhammad Imran4ORCID,Vwalika Bellington916ORCID,Sazawal Sunil619,Shaw Gary M.2ORCID,Stevenson David K.2,Aghaeepour Nima123ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.

2. Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.

3. Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.

4. Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical College, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.

5. Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.

6. Centre for Public Health Kinetics, New Delhi, Delhi, India.

7. Maternal and Child Health Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

8. University of North Carolina Global Projects Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.

9. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.

10. Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.

11. Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.

12. Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.

13. International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

14. Projahnmo Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

15. Public Health Laboratory—Ivo de Carneri, Pemba, Zanzibar, Tanzania.

16. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia.

17. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.

18. Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.

19. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Abstract

Preterm birth (PTB) is the leading cause of death in children under five, yet comprehensive studies are hindered by its multiple complex etiologies. Epidemiological associations between PTB and maternal characteristics have been previously described. This work used multiomic profiling and multivariate modeling to investigate the biological signatures of these characteristics. Maternal covariates were collected during pregnancy from 13,841 pregnant women across five sites. Plasma samples from 231 participants were analyzed to generate proteomic, metabolomic, and lipidomic datasets. Machine learning models showed robust performance for the prediction of PTB (AUROC = 0.70), time-to-delivery ( r = 0.65), maternal age ( r = 0.59), gravidity ( r = 0.56), and BMI ( r = 0.81). Time-to-delivery biological correlates included fetal-associated proteins (e.g., ALPP, AFP, and PGF) and immune proteins (e.g., PD-L1, CCL28, and LIFR). Maternal age negatively correlated with collagen COL9A1, gravidity with endothelial NOS and inflammatory chemokine CXCL13, and BMI with leptin and structural protein FABP4. These results provide an integrated view of epidemiological factors associated with PTB and identify biological signatures of clinical covariates affecting this disease.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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