1. School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
2. Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
3. Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
4. Mongan Institute Health Policy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
5. Booth School of Business, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.