Vaccination induces HIV broadly neutralizing antibody precursors in humans

Author:

Leggat David J.1ORCID,Cohen Kristen W.2ORCID,Willis Jordan R.345ORCID,Fulp William J.2,deCamp Allan C.2ORCID,Kalyuzhniy Oleksandr345ORCID,Cottrell Christopher A.345ORCID,Menis Sergey345,Finak Greg2ORCID,Ballweber-Fleming Lamar2ORCID,Srikanth Abhinaya1,Plyler Jason R.1,Schiffner Torben345ORCID,Liguori Alessia345ORCID,Rahaman Farhad6ORCID,Lombardo Angela6ORCID,Philiponis Vincent6,Whaley Rachael E.2ORCID,Seese Aaron2ORCID,Brand Joshua1ORCID,Ruppel Alexis M.1,Hoyland Wesley1ORCID,Yates Nicole L.7ORCID,Williams LaTonya D.7ORCID,Greene Kelli8,Gao Hongmei8ORCID,Mahoney Celia R.2,Corcoran Martin M.9,Cagigi Alberto1ORCID,Taylor Alison1ORCID,Brown David M.10ORCID,Ambrozak David R.1,Sincomb Troy345ORCID,Hu Xiaozhen345ORCID,Tingle Ryan345ORCID,Georgeson Erik345ORCID,Eskandarzadeh Saman345ORCID,Alavi Nushin345ORCID,Lu Danny345ORCID,Mullen Tina-Marie345ORCID,Kubitz Michael345,Groschel Bettina345ORCID,Maenza Janine211ORCID,Kolokythas Orpheus12ORCID,Khati Nadia13,Bethony Jeffrey14,Crotty Shane41516ORCID,Roederer Mario1ORCID,Karlsson Hedestam Gunilla B.911ORCID,Tomaras Georgia D.7ORCID,Montefiori David8ORCID,Diemert David1417ORCID,Koup Richard A.1ORCID,Laufer Dagna S.6,McElrath M. Juliana211ORCID,McDermott Adrian B.1ORCID,Schief William R.34518ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.

2. Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.

3. IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.

4. Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.

5. Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.

6. IAVI, New York, NY 10004, USA.

7. Center for Human Systems Immunology, Departments of Surgery, Immunology, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA.

8. Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA.

9. Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.

10. The Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, North Bethesda, MD 20852, USA.

11. Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.

12. Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.

13. Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA.

14. Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA.

15. Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.

16. Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.

17. Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.

18. The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

Abstract

Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) can protect against HIV infection but have not been induced by human vaccination. A key barrier to bnAb induction is vaccine priming of rare bnAb-precursor B cells. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1 clinical trial, the HIV vaccine–priming candidate eOD-GT8 60mer adjuvanted with AS01Bhad a favorable safety profile and induced VRC01-class bnAb precursors in 97% of vaccine recipients with median frequencies reaching 0.1% among immunoglobulin G B cells in blood. bnAb precursors shared properties with bnAbs and gained somatic hypermutation and affinity with the boost. The results establish clinical proof of concept for germline-targeting vaccine priming, support development of boosting regimens to induce bnAbs, and encourage application of the germline-targeting strategy to other targets in HIV and other pathogens.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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