The microbiome in cancer immunotherapy: Diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies

Author:

Zitvogel Laurence1234ORCID,Ma Yuting56ORCID,Raoult Didier7,Kroemer Guido8910ORCID,Gajewski Thomas F.11ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Equipe Labellisée–Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France.

2. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) U1015, Villejuif, France.

3. Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.

4. Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France.

5. Center for Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100005 Beijing, China.

6. Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.

7. Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, Aix Marseille Université, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU)–Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille.

8. Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.

9. Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, GRCC, Villejuif, France.

10. Equipe 11 Labellisée–Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, UMRS 1138, Paris, France.

11. Department of Pathology, Department of Medicine, and the Ben May Department of Cancer, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60615, USA.

Abstract

The fine line between human health and disease can be driven by the interplay between host and microbial factors. This “metagenome” regulates cancer initiation, progression, and response to therapies. Besides the capacity of distinct microbial species to modulate the pharmacodynamics of chemotherapeutic drugs, symbiosis between epithelial barriers and their microbial ecosystems has a major impact on the local and distant immune system, markedly influencing clinical outcome in cancer patients. Efficacy of cancer immunotherapy with immune checkpoint antibodies can be diminished with administration of antibiotics, and superior efficacy is observed with the presence of specific gut microbes. Future strategies of precision medicine will likely rely on novel diagnostic and therapeutic tools with which to identify and correct defects in the microbiome that compromise therapeutic efficacy.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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