Analysis of shared heritability in common disorders of the brain

Author:

,Anttila Verneri123ORCID,Bulik-Sullivan Brendan13,Finucane Hilary K.2345ORCID,Walters Raymond K.123ORCID,Bras Jose67,Duncan Laramie1238ORCID,Escott-Price Valentina910ORCID,Falcone Guido J.111213ORCID,Gormley Padhraig12311ORCID,Malik Rainer14ORCID,Patsopoulos Nikolaos A.315,Ripke Stephan12316ORCID,Wei Zhi17ORCID,Yu Dongmei211ORCID,Lee Phil H.211ORCID,Turley Patrick13,Grenier-Boley Benjamin181920,Chouraki Vincent18192021,Kamatani Yoichiro2223,Berr Claudine242526,Letenneur Luc2728,Hannequin Didier2930,Amouyel Philippe18192021,Boland Anne31,Deleuze Jean-François31,Duron Emmanuelle3233,Vardarajan Badri N.34,Reitz Christiane35,Goate Alison M.36,Huentelman Matthew J.37,Kamboh M. Ilyas38,Larson Eric B.3940,Rogaeva Ekaterina41,St George-Hyslop Peter4142,Hakonarson Hakon434445,Kukull Walter A.46,Farrer Lindsay A.47,Barnes Lisa L.484950,Beach Thomas G.51,Demirci F. Yesim38,Head Elizabeth52,Hulette Christine M.53,Jicha Gregory A.54,Kauwe John S.K.55,Kaye Jeffrey A.56,Leverenz James B.57,Levey Allan I.58,Lieberman Andrew P.59,Pankratz Vernon S.60,Poon Wayne W.61,Quinn Joseph F.6263,Saykin Andrew J.64,Schneider Lon S.65,Smith Amanda G.66,Sonnen Joshua A.6768,Stern Robert A.69,Van Deerlin Vivianna M.70,Van Eldik Linda J.52,Harold Denise71,Russo Giancarlo72,Rubinsztein David C.7374,Bayer Anthony75,Tsolaki Magda7677,Proitsi Petra78,Fox Nick C.679,Hampel Harald80818283,Owen Michael J.8485,Mead Simon86,Passmore Peter87,Morgan Kevin88,Nöthen Markus M.8990,Schott Jonathan M.79,Rossor Martin91,Lupton Michelle K.9293,Hoffmann Per89909495,Kornhuber Johannes96,Lawlor Brian97,McQuillin Andrew98,Al-Chalabi Ammar99100,Bis Joshua C101,Ruiz Agustin102103,Boada Mercè102,Seshadri Sudha104105106,Beiser Alexa106107108,Rice Kenneth109,van der Lee Sven J.110,De Jager Philip L.111,Geschwind Daniel H.112113114,Riemenschneider Matthias115,Riedel-Heller Steffi116,Rotter Jerome I117,Ransmayr Gerhard118,Hyman Bradley T.1213,Cruchaga Carlos119,Alegret Montserrat102,Winsvold Bendik120121,Palta Priit122123,Farh Kai-How3124,Cuenca-Leon Ester2311,Furlotte Nicholas125,Kurth Tobias126,Ligthart Lannie127,Terwindt Gisela M.128,Freilinger Tobias129130,Ran Caroline131,Gordon Scott D.92,Borck Guntram132,Adams Hieab H.H.110133,Lehtimäki Terho134,Wedenoja Juho135136,Buring Julie E.137,Schürks Markus138,Hrafnsdottir Maria139,Hottenga Jouke-Jan127140,Penninx Brenda141,Artto Ville142,Kaunisto Mari122,Vepsäläinen Salli142,Martin Nicholas G.92,Montgomery Grant W.92143,Kurki Mitja I.1311122,Hämäläinen Eija122,Huang Hailiang12144,Huang Jie145146,Sandor Cynthia147,Webber Caleb10147,Muller-Myhsok Bertram148149150,Schreiber Stefan151152,Salomaa Veikko153,Loehrer Elizabeth154,Göbel Hartmut155,Macaya Alfons156,Pozo-Rosich Patricia157158,Hansen Thomas159160,Werge Thomas160161162,Kaprio Jaakko122136,Metspalu Andres123,Kubisch Christian163,Ferrari Michel D.128,Belin Andrea C.131,van den Maagdenberg Arn M.J.M.128164,Zwart John-Anker165,Boomsma Dorret127166,Eriksson Nicholas125,Olesen Jes159,Chasman Daniel I.13167,Nyholt Dale R.168,Anney Richard8485,Avbersek Andreja169,Baum Larry170,Berkovic Samuel171,Bradfield Jonathan172,Buono Russell J.173174175,Catarino Claudia B.169176,Cossette Patrick177,De Jonghe Peter178179180,Depondt Chantal181,Dlugos Dennis182183,Ferraro Thomas N.184185,French Jacqueline186,Hjalgrim Helle187,Jamnadas-Khoda Jennifer169188,Kälviäinen Reetta189190,Kunz Wolfram S.191192,Lerche Holger130,Leu Costin193,Lindhout Dick194195,Lo Warren196197,Lowenstein Daniel198,McCormack Mark199200,Møller Rikke S.201202,Molloy Anne203,Ng Ping-Wing204205,Oliver Karen206,Privitera Michael207208,Radtke Rodney209,Ruppert Ann-Kathrin210,Sander Thomas210,Schachter Steven1213211,Schankin Christoph212213,Scheffer Ingrid214215216,Schoch Susanne217,Sisodiya Sanjay M.218219,Smith Philip220,Sperling Michael221,Striano Pasquale222,Surges Rainer223224,Thomas G. Neil225,Visscher Frank226,Whelan Christopher D.199,Zara Federico227,Heinzen Erin L.228,Marson Anthony229230,Becker Felicitas231232,Stroink Hans233,Zimprich Fritz234,Gasser Thomas235236,Gibbs Raphael237,Heutink Peter235236,Martinez Maria238239,Morris Huw R.218,Sharma Manu240,Ryten Mina218,Mok Kin Y.7241,Pulit Sara3242243,Bevan Steve244,Holliday Elizabeth245,Attia John246247,Battey Thomas11248,Boncoraglio Giorgio249250,Thijs Vincent216251,Chen Wei-Min252,Mitchell Braxton253254,Rothwell Peter255,Sharma Pankaj256257,Sudlow Cathie258,Vicente Astrid259260,Markus Hugh261,Kourkoulis Christina311262,Pera Joana263,Raffeld Miriam311262264,Silliman Scott265,Boraska Perica Vesna266,Thornton Laura M.267,Huckins Laura M.268,William Rayner N.269270271,Lewis Cathryn M.272,Gratacos Monica273,Rybakowski Filip274,Keski-Rahkonen Anna275,Raevuori Anu275276,Hudson James I.277,Reichborn-Kjennerud Ted278279,Monteleone Palmiero280,Karwautz Andreas281,Mannik Katrin123282,Baker Jessica H.267,O’Toole Julie K.283,Trace Sara E.284,Davis Oliver S. P.285,Helder Sietske G.272286,Ehrlich Stefan287,Herpertz-Dahlmann Beate288,Danner Unna N.289290,van Elburg Annemarie A.289290,Clementi Maurizio291,Forzan Monica292,Docampo Elisa293294,Lissowska Jolanta295,Hauser Joanna296,Tortorella Alfonso297,Maj Mario298,Gonidakis Fragiskos299,Tziouvas Konstantinos300,Papezova Hana301302,Yilmaz Zeynep267,Wagner Gudrun303,Cohen-Woods Sarah304,Herms Stefan89909495,Julià Antonio305,Rabionet Raquel306307308309,Dick Danielle M.310,Ripatti Samuli122136311,Andreassen Ole A.312313,Espeseth Thomas312314315,Lundervold Astri J.315316,Steen Vidar M.317318,Pinto Dalila319320321322,Scherer Stephen W.323324,Aschauer Harald325,Schosser Alexandra326327,Alfredsson Lars328,Padyukov Leonid329,Halmi Katherine A.330,Mitchell James331332,Strober Michael333,Bergen Andrew W.334335,Kaye Walter336,Szatkiewicz Jin Peng267,Cormand Bru306307308337,Ramos-Quiroga Josep Antoni338339340341,Sánchez-Mora Cristina338339341,Ribasés Marta338339341,Casas Miguel338342343344,Hervas Amaia345,Arranz Maria Jesús346,Haavik Jan347348,Zayats Tetyana1347,Johansson Stefan318349,Williams Nigel9,Elia Josephine350351,Dempfle Astrid352,Rothenberger Aribert353,Kuntsi Jonna354,Oades Robert D.355,Banaschewski Tobias356,Franke Barbara357358359,Buitelaar Jan K.360361,Arias Vasquez Alejandro362,Doyle Alysa E.13262,Reif Andreas363,Lesch Klaus-Peter364365366,Freitag Christine367,Rivero Olga366,Palmason Haukur139,Romanos Marcel368,Langley Kate84369,Rietschel Marcella370,Witt Stephanie H.370,Dalsgaard Soeren162371372,Børglum Anders D.162373374375,Waldman Irwin376,Wilmot Beth377,Molly Nikolas378,Bau Claiton H.D.379380,Crosbie Jennifer381382,Schachar Russell382383,Loo Sandra K.384,McGough James J.385,Grevet Eugenio H.380386,Medland Sarah E.92,Robinson Elise125,Weiss Lauren A.387388389,Bacchelli Elena390,Bailey Anthony391392,Bal Vanessa387388389,Battaglia Agatino393,Betancur Catalina394,Bolton Patrick354395,Cantor Rita396,Celestino-Soper Patrícia397,Dawson Geraldine398,De Rubeis Silvia319320399,Duque Frederico400401,Green Andrew402403,Klauck Sabine M.404,Leboyer Marion405406407,Levitt Pat65408,Maestrini Elena390,Mane Shrikant409410,De-Luca Daniel Moreno-411,Parr Jeremy412413414,Regan Regina403415,Reichenberg Abraham268,Sandin Sven319320416,Vorstman Jacob417418,Wassink Thomas419,Wijsman Ellen109420,Cook Edwin421,Santangelo Susan422423,Delorme Richard424425,Rogé Bernadette426427428,Magalhaes Tiago415429,Arking Dan430,Schulze Thomas G.370431432433434,Thompson Robert C.435436,Strohmaier Jana370437,Matthews Keith438439,Melle Ingrid440441,Morris Derek442,Blackwood Douglas443,McIntosh Andrew443,Bergen Sarah E416,Schalling Martin444445,Jamain Stéphane405406407,Maaser Anna8990,Fischer Sascha B.94446,Reinbold Céline S.94446,Fullerton Janice M.447448,Grigoroiu-Serbanescu Maria449,Guzman-Parra José450451,Mayoral Fermin450451,Schofield Peter R.447448,Cichon Sven94446452,Mühleisen Thomas W.446452,Degenhardt Franziska453,Schumacher Johannes453,Bauer Michael454,Mitchell Philip B.455456,Gershon Elliot S.457,Rice John458,Potash James B.433,Zandi Peter P.459,Craddock Nick84,Ferrier I. Nicol412,Alda Martin460461,Rouleau Guy A.462463,Turecki Gustavo464,Ophoff Roel465466,Pato Carlos467,Anjorin Adebayo468,Stahl Eli268311,Leber Markus469,Czerski Piotr M.470,Edenberg Howard J.471,Cruceanu Cristiana472473,Jones Ian R.474,Posthuma Danielle475476,Andlauer Till F.M.148477,Forstner Andreas J.89909495478,Streit Fabian370,Baune Bernhard T.479,Air Tracy479,Sinnamon Grant480481,Wray Naomi R.143482,MacIntyre Donald J.483,Porteous David484,Homuth Georg485,Rivera Margarita272486,Grove Jakob162373374487,Middeldorp Christel M.127488489,Hickie Ian490,Pergadia Michele119,Mehta Divya491492,Smit Johannes H.141493494,Jansen Rick141,de Geus Eco127493,Dunn Erin11495,Li Qingqin S.496,Nauck Matthias497498,Schoevers Robert A.499,Beekman Aartjan TF141500,Knowles James A.501,Viktorin Alexander416,Arnold Paul418502503,Barr Cathy L.382383504,Bedoya-Berrio Gabriel505,Bienvenu O. Joseph506,Brentani Helena507,Burton Christie383,Camarena Beatriz508,Cappi Carolina507,Cath Danielle509510,Cavallini Maria511,Cusi Daniele512,Darrow Sabrina513,Denys Damiaan514515,Derks Eske M.92,Dietrich Andrea516517,Fernandez Thomas518,Figee Martijn319514,Freimer Nelson465,Gerber Gloria11,Grados Marco433,Greenberg Erica262,Hanna Gregory L.436,Hartmann Andreas519520521,Hirschtritt Matthew E.387389,Hoekstra Pieter J.517,Huang Alden385522,Huyser Chaim523524,Illmann Cornelia262,Jenike Michael13,Kuperman Samuel525,Leventhal Bennett513,Lochner Christine526,Lyon Gholson J.527,Macciardi Fabio528,Madruga-Garrido Marcos529,Malaty Irene A.530,Maras Athanasios531,McGrath Lauren532,Miguel Eurípedes C.533,Mir Pablo534535,Nestadt Gerald433,Nicolini Humberto536537,Okun Michael S.538539540,Pakstis Andrew410,Paschou Peristera541,Piacentini John385,Pittenger Christopher542,Plessen Kerstin543544,Ramensky Vasily545,Ramos Eliana M.546,Reus Victor387389,Richter Margaret A.547548,Riddle Mark A.506,Robertson Mary M.549,Roessner Veit550,Rosário Maria551552,Samuels Jack F.433,Sandor Paul548553554,Stein Dan J.526555,Tsetsos Fotis556,Van Nieuwerburgh Filip557,Weatherall Sarah11,Wendland Jens R.558,Wolanczyk Tomasz559,Worbe Yulia560561562,Zai Gwyneth548,Goes Fernando S.433,McLaughlin Nicole563564,Nestadt Paul S.433,Grabe Hans-Jorgen565,Depienne Christel566567568,Konkashbaev Anuar569,Lanzagorta Nuria537,Valencia-Duarte Ana570571,Bramon Elvira98,Buccola Nancy572,Cahn Wiepke573,Cairns Murray574575576,Chong Siow A.577,Cohen David578579,Crespo-Facorro Benedicto341580,Crowley James284,Davidson Michael581582,DeLisi Lynn13583,Dinan Timothy584585,Donohoe Gary586,Drapeau Elodie268319320,Duan Jubao587588,Haan Lieuwe514589,Hougaard David590,Karachanak-Yankova Sena591,Khrunin Andrey592,Klovins Janis593,Kučinskas Vaidutis594,Lee Chee Keong Jimmy595,Limborska Svetlana596,Loughland Carmel246597,Lönnqvist Jouko153598,Maher Brion459,Mattheisen Manuel599600601,McDonald Colm602603,Murphy Kieran C.604,Murray Robin354,Nenadic Igor605606,van Os Jim573607608,Pantelis Christos216609610,Pato Michele467,Petryshen Tracey211,Quested Digby611612,Roussos Panos268,Sanders Alan R.588613,Schall Ulrich246,Schwab Sibylle G.614,Sim Kang577615616,So Hon-Cheong617618619,Stögmann Elisabeth234,Subramaniam Mythily577616,Toncheva Draga591,Waddington John199,Walters James8485,Weiser Mark582620,Cheng Wei267,Cloninger Robert621,Curtis David622623,Gejman Pablo V.588613,Henskens Frans247624625,Mattingsdal Morten440626,Oh Sang-Yun627628,Scott Rodney246247629,Webb Bradley630,Breen Gerome631632ORCID,Churchhouse Claire123,Bulik Cynthia M.416633ORCID,Daly Mark123ORCID,Dichgans Martin14149ORCID,Faraone Stephen V.634ORCID,Guerreiro Rita67,Holmans Peter9ORCID,Kendler Kenneth S.635,Koeleman Bobby636ORCID,Mathews Carol A.540637ORCID,Price Alkes35,Scharf Jeremiah23111213,Sklar Pamela268ORCID,Williams Julie910ORCID,Wood Nicholas W.7622ORCID,Cotsapas Chris3638ORCID,Palotie Aarno1231112,Smoller Jordan W.211ORCID,Sullivan Patrick633639ORCID,Rosand Jonathan3111213ORCID,Corvin Aiden2640ORCID,Neale Benjamin M.123ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Analytic Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

2. Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

3. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

4. Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

5. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

6. UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK.

7. Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.

8. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.

9. Cardiff University, Medical Research Council Center for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Institute of Psychology, Medicine & Clinical Neuroscience, Cardiff, UK.

10. Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.

11. Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.

12. Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.

13. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

14. Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.

15. Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

16. Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

17. Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, New Jersey, USA.

18. INSERM U1167 LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France.

19. Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167, Lille, France.

20. Université de Lille, U1167, RID-AGE, Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France.

21. Centre Hosp. Univ Lille, Lille, France.

22. Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.

23. Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.

24. INSERM U1061 - Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France.

25. University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.

26. Memory Research and Resources Center, Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France.

27. INSERM, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France.

28. University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.

29. Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.

30. Inserm U1245, Rouen, France.

31. Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de biologie François Jacob, CEA, Evry, France.

32. Department of Gerontology, Hôpital Broca, AH-HP, Paris, France.

33. Hôpital Paul Brousse Université Paris Sud XI, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France.

34. Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center and Dept of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.

35. Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.

36. Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.

37. Translational Genomics Research Institute, Neurogenomics Division, Phoenix, AZ, USA.

38. University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

39. Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.

40. Department of Medicine, University of Washington, WA, USA.

41. Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.

42. Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

43. Center for Applied Genomics of The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

44. Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

45. Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

46. National Alzheimer Coordinating Center (NACC), Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

47. Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.

48. Rush Alzheimers Disease Center, Chicago, IL, USA.

49. Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, USA.

50. Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, USA.

51. Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA.

52. Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.

53. Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.

54. College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.

55. Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.

56. Layton Aging & Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.

57. Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.

58. Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.

59. Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

60. University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.

61. Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.

62. Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.

63. Department of Neurology and Parkinson’s Disease Research Education and Clinical Care Center (PADRECC), Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA.

64. Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.

65. Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

66. Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.

67. Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.

68. Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

69. Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.

70. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

71. School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland.

72. Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH/UZH-Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

73. Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK.

74. UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge, UK.

75. School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.

76. 1st and 3rd Departments of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.

77. Greek Association of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders, Thessaloniki, Greece.

78. Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK.

79. Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.

80. Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France.

81. Institute of Memory and Alzheimer’s Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.

82. Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France.

83. AXA Research Fund & Sorbonne University Chair, Paris, France .

84. MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.

85. Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.

86. Institute of Prion Diseases and MRC Prion Unit, University College London, London, UK.

87. Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, UK.

88. Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham UK.

89. Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.

90. Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Bonn & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.

91. Department of Neurodegeneration, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.

92. QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.

93. Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, UK.

94. Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.

95. Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.

96. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany.

97. Department of Psychiatry and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.

98. Division of Psychiatry, Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory,University College London, London, UK.

99. Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK.

100. King’s College Hospital, London, UK.

101. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

102. Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain and Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.

103. Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain.

104. Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.

105. Neurology and Neurogenetics Core, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA.

106. School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.

107. School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.

108. Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA.

109. Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

110. Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

111. Center for Translational & Computational Neuroimmunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.

112. Neurogenetics Program, Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

113. Center For Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

114. Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

115. Department of Psychiatry, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany.

116. Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.

117. Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA.

118. Department of Neurology II, Kepler University Clinic, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria.

119. Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.

120. Communication and Research Unit for Musculoskeletal Disorders (FORMI), Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.

121. Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.

122. Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.

123. Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.

124. Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.

125. 23andMe Inc., Mountain View, CA, US.

126. Institute of Public Health, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

127. Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

128. Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.

129. Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany.

130. Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.

131. Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

132. Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.

133. Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

134. Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.

135. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.

136. Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.

137. Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA.

138. Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Germany.

139. Landspitali National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.

140. Avera Institute for Human Genetics, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.

141. Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

142. Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.

143. Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.

144. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

145. Boston VA Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA.

146. Brigham Women’s Hospital Division of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

147. Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

148. Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.

149. Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.

150. Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.

151. Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.

152. Clinic of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.

153. National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.

154. Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.

155. Kiel Pain and Headache Center, Kiel, Germany.

156. Pediatric Neurology Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

157. Headache Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.

158. Headache Research Group, VHIR, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

159. Danish Headache Center, Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

160. Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Roskilde, Denmark.

161. Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

162. Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark.

163. Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.

164. Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.

165. Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.

166. Netherlands Twin Register, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

167. Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.

168. Statistical and Genomic Epidemiology Laboratory, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

169. Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.

170. Centre for Genomic Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.

171. Epilepsy Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Australia.

172. Quantinuum Research LLC, San Diego, CA, USA.

173. Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA.

174. Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

175. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

176. Epilepsy Society, Chalfont-St-Peter, Bucks, UK.

177. Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Universite de Montreal and Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.

178. Neurogenetics Group, VIB-CMN, Antwerp, Belgium.

179. University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.

180. Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.

181. Department of Neurology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.

182. Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

183. Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

184. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA.

185. Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

186. NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.

187. Amplexa Genetics A/S, Odense, Denmark.

188. Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.

189. Epilepsy Center/Neurocenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.

190. Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.

191. Department of Epileptology, University Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany.

192. Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany.

193. Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London.

194. Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands.

195. Epilepsy Foundation in the Netherlands (SEIN), Heemstede, the Netherlands.

196. Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.

197. Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.

198. Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.

199. Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.

200. Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.

201. Danish Epilepsy Centre, Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark.

202. Institute for Regional Health Services, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.

203. Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

204. United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong.

205. Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong.

206. Epilepsy Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia.

207. Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.

208. UC Gardner Neuroscience Institute, Cincinnati, OH, USA.

209. Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.

210. Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.

211. Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.

212. Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland.

213. Department of Neurology, University of Munich Hospital, Grosshadern, University of Munich, Germany.

214. Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

215. Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children’s Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

216. Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

217. Institute of Neuropathology, Bonn University Medical School, Bonn, Germany.

218. UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.

219. Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Bucks, UK.

220. University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK.

221. Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

222. Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit-Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health University of Genoa, “G. Gaslini“ Institute, Genova, Italy.

223. Department of Epileptology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.

224. Section of Epileptology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.

225. Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, UK.

226. Department of Neurology, Admiraal De Ruyter Hospital, Goes, The Netherlands.

227. Laboratory of Neurogenetics, G. Gaslini Institute, Genova, Italy.

228. Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.

229. University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.

230. Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK.

231. Department of Neurology and Epileptology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.

232. Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.

233. CWZ Hospital, Nijmegen, Netherlands.

234. Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.

235. Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.

236. German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany.

237. Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.

238. INSERM U1220, IRSD, Toulouse, France.

239. Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.

240. Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometery, University of Tubingen, Germany.

241. Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.

242. Department of Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

243. Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

244. University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK.

245. Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.

246. University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.

247. Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia.

248. Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.

249. Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy.

250. PhD Program in Neuroscience, University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.

251. Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia.

252. University of Virginia Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.

253. Dept of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

254. Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.

255. Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

256. Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Royal Holloway University of London, London, UK .

257. Ashford & St Peters NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey, UK.

258. University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

259. Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal.

260. Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute - BioISI, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.

261. Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

262. Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.

263. Department of Neurology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.

264. The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.

265. Department of Neurology, College of Medicine-Jacksonville, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA.

266. University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia.

267. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.

268. Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.

269. Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

270. Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

271. Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK.

272. MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King’s College London, London, UK.

273. Genes and Disease Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain.

274. Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland.

275. Clinicum, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland.

276. Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.

277. Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA.

278. Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.

279. University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.

280. Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno,Italy.

281. Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

282. Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.

283. Kartini Clinic, Portland, OR, USA.

284. Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.

285. MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.

286. Zorg op Orde BV, Leidschendam, The Netherlands.

287. Division of Psychological & Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.

288. Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry & Psychosomatic Medicine of University Clinics, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany .

289. Altrecht Eating Disorders Rintveld, Altrecht Mental Health Institute, Zeist, The Netherlands.

290. Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.

291. Medical Genetics Unit, Department SDB, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.

292. UOC Genetica ed Epidemiologica Clinica Az. Ospedaliera, Padova, Italy.

293. Department of Human Genetics, CHU Sart-Tilman, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.

294. Department of Rheumatology, CHU Sart-Tilman, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.

295. Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Cancer Center and M. Sklodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland.

296. Department of Psychiatry, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.

297. Department of Psychiatry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.

298. Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy.

299. Eating Disorders Unit, 1st Psychiatric Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.

300. Aglaia Kyriakou Childrens Hospital, Athens, Greece.

301. Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.

302. General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.

303. Medical University of Vienna, Austria.

304. School of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.

305. Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.

306. Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.

307. Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain.

308. Department of Genetics, Microbiology & Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

309. Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain.

310. Departments of Psychology and Human & Molecular Genetics, College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.

311. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA.

312. NORMENT, Div. of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.

313. Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.

314. Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway.

315. K. G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.

316. Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.

317. NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway.

318. Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.

319. Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.

320. Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.

321. Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.

322. The Mindich Child Health & Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.

323. McLaughlin Centre and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.

324. The Centre for Applied Genomics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.

325. Biopsychosocial Corporation, Vienna, Austria.

326. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

327. Zentren für Seelische Gesundheit, BBRZ-Med, Vienna, Austria.

328. Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

329. Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden.

330. Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.

331. School of Medicine, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA.

332. Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, ND, USA.

333. Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

334. BioRealm, Walnut, California, USA.

335. Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, OR, USA.

336. Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.

337. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.

338. Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.

339. Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

340. Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

341. Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.

342. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

343. Programa Corporatiu “Neurodevelopment Disorders along Life Span”, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain.

344. Clinica Galatea y PAIMM, Mental Health Program for Impaired Physicians, Barcelona, Spain.

345. Child and Adolescent Mental Health Unit, Hospital Universitario Mútua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.

346. Fundació Docència i Recerca Mútua Terrassa.

347. K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway.

348. Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.

349. K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway.

350. Department of Pediatrics, Nemours A.I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA.

351. Department of Psychiatry, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

352. Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.

353. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany.

354. Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK.

355. Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.

356. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.

357. Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

358. Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

359. Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

360. Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

361. Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

362. Department of Psychiatry & Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

363. Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

364. Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.

365. Department of Translational Psychiatry, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.

366. Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.

367. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

368. Center of Mental Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.

369. School of Psychology, Cardiff University, UK.

370. Central Institute of Mental Health, Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.

371. National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.

372. Hospital of Telemark, Kragerø, Norway.

373. Department of Biomedicine and Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.

374. Center for Integrative Sequencing (iSEQ), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.

375. Aarhus Genome Center, Aarhus, Denmark.

376. Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.

377. Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.

378. Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.

379. Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.

380. ADHD Outpatient Clinic, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.

381. Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.

382. University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.

383. Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.

384. Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

385. Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

386. Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.

387. Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.

388. Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.

389. Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.

390. Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

391. Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.

392. Institute of Mental Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.

393. Stella Maris Clinical Research Institute for Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Pisa, Italy.

394. Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France.

395. NIHR Biomedical Research Centre in Mental Health Maudsley Hospital, London, UK.

396. Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

397. LifeOmic, Indianapolis, IN, USA.

398. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.

399. Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.

400. University Clinic of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.

401. Child Developmental Center, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.

402. Dept of Clinical Genetics, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland.

403. School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

404. Division of Molecular Genome Analysis and Division of Cancer Genome Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.

405. Inserm U955, Psychiatrie Translationnelle, Créteil, France.

406. Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est, Créteil, France.

407. Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.

408. Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA .

409. Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.

410. Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.

411. Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.

412. Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK.

413. Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK.

414. Northumberland, Tyne & Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Northumberland, UK.

415. Genomics Medicine Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.

416. Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

417. Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.

418. Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.

419. Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.

420. Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

421. Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.

422. Center for Psychiatric Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Portland, ME, USA.

423. Department of Psychiatry, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.

424. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debre Hospital, APHP, Paris, France.

425. Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.

426. Centre d’Etudes et de Recherches en Psychopathologie et Psychologie de la Santé (CERPPS), Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès, Toulouse, France.

427. CERESA, Toulouse, France.

428. Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.

429. Academic Centre on Rare Diseases University College Dublin (ACoRD/UCD), Dublin, Ireland.

430. McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

431. Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.

432. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.

433. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.

434. Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA.

435. Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

436. Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

437. SRH University Heidelberg, Academy for Psychotherapy, Heidelberg, Germany.

438. Division of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.

439. Advanced Interventions Service, NHS Tayside, Dundee, UK.

440. NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.

441. Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.

442. Cognitive Genetics and Cognitive Therapy Group, Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG) Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.

443. Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

444. Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

445. Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.

446. Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.

447. Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia.

448. School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.

449. Alexandru Obregia Clinical Psychiatric Hospital, Biometric Psychiatric Genetics Research Unit, Bucharest, Romania.

450. Unidad de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Malaga, Malaga, Spain.

451. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain.

452. Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.

453. Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.

454. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.

455. School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.

456. Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia.

457. University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.

458. Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.

459. Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.

460. Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.

461. National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.

462. Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.

463. Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.

464. Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.

465. Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

466. UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

467. SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.

468. University College London, London, UK.

469. Hospital for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Cologne, Germany.

470. Laboratory of Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.

471. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.

472. Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.

473. Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.

474. National Centre for Mental Health, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.

475. Department Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

476. Department Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

477. Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.

478. Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.

479. Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.

480. Bela Menso Brain and Behaviour Centre, James Cook University, Varsity Lakes, Australia.

481. Bond University, Faculty of Society and Design, Robina, Australia.

482. Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.

483. Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

484. Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

485. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

486. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Neurosciences, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.

487. Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.

488. Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.

489. Child and Youth Mental Health Service, Children’s Health Queensland Health and Hospital Service, Brisbane, Australia.

490. Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.

491. School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia.

492. University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.

493. Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

494. Department of Research and Innovation, GGZ Ingeest, Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

495. Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

496. Janssen Research & Development LLC, Titusville, NJ, USA.

497. Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany .

498. German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

499. Research School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.

500. Department of Psychiatry GGZ INGEEST, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

501. Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.

502. Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.

503. Departments of Psychiatry and Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.

504. Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.

505. Grupo de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.

506. Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

507. Department of Psychiatry, Sao Paulo Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.

508. Depto. Farmacogenética, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria Ramon de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico.

509. Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen and University Medical Center, Groningen, the Netherlands.

510. Department of Specialized Trainings, GGZ Drenthe Mental Health Care Services, Assen, the Netherlands.

511. Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy.

512. Bio4Dreams Srl, Milan, Italy.

513. University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.

514. Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

515. Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

516. University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.

517. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.

518. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.

519. Centre National Maladie ‘Syndrome Rare Gilles de la Tourette’, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.

520. Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Départment de Neurologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.

521. Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, ICM, Paris, France.

522. Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

523. De Bascule, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

524. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

525. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.

526. MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.

527. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA.

528. Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.

529. Sección de Neuropediatría, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.

530. Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.

531. Yulius Academy, Yulius Mental Health Organization, Barendrecht, The Netherlands.

532. Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA.

533. Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

534. Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.

535. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.

536. National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Ciudad de México, Mexico.

537. Clinical Research, Grupo Médico Carracci, Mexico City, Mexico.

538. Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.

539. Fixel Center for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.

540. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.

541. Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.

542. Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.

543. Division of Adolescent and Child Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.

544. Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services Capital Region Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

545. Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Institusky 9, Moscow, Russia.

546. Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

547. Frederick W. Thompson Anxiety Disorders Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada.

548. Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.

549. Division of Neuropsychiatry, University College London, London, UK.

550. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.

551. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit (UPIA), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil.

552. Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.

553. University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.

554. Youthdale Treatment Centers, Toronto, Canada.

555. Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.

556. Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.

557. Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.

558. Pfizer, Inc., New York, NY, USA.

559. Department of Child Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.

560. Sorbonne Université, Faculty of Médecine, Paris, France.

561. Reference center for Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, France.

562. Department of Physiology, Saint Antoine Hospital, Paris, France.

563. Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.

564. Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.

565. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

566. Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.

567. INSERM, U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Paris, France.

568. IGBMC, CNRS UMR 7104/INSERM U964/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.

569. Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.

570. Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia.

571. Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, SIU, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.

572. School of Nursing, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.

573. Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

574. School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.

575. Priority Research Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia.

576. Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.

577. Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore.

578. Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.

579. Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 7222 Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et Robotiques, Paris, France.

580. Departments of Medicine and Psychiatry, School of Medicine University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain.

581. Minerva Neurosciences Inc., Waltham, MA, USA.

582. Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.

583. VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.

584. APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.

585. Department of Psychiatry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.

586. Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG) Centre, School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.

587. Center for Psychiatric Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, IL, USA.

588. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.

589. Arkin, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

590. Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.

591. Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria.

592. Department of Molecular Bases of Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.

593. Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia.

594. Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.

595. Institute of Mental Health, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.

596. Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.

597. Hunter New England Local Health District, Newcastle, Australia.

598. Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.

599. Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.

600. Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.

601. Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

602. Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland.

603. NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland.

604. Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.

605. Philipps-Universität Marburg and Marburg University Hospital UKGM, Marburg, Germany.

606. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.

607. Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.

608. Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK.

609. Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Victoria, Australia.

610. Centre for Neural Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

611. Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.

612. Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

613. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, NorthShore University HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, IL, USA.

614. Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.

615. Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.

616. Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.

617. School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.

618. KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research of Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.

619. Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.

620. Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.

621. Departments of Psychiatry and Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.

622. UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK.

623. Centre for Psychiatry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK.

624. School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.

625. Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.

626. Research Unit, Sørlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway.

627. Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.

628. Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.

629. NSW Health Pathology, Newcastle, Australia.

630. Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.

631. Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Social Genetics & Developmental Psychiatry Center, MRC, Kings College London, London, UK.

632. NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London & Maudsley NHS Trust & King’s College London, London, UK.

633. Departments of Psychiatry and Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.

634. Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.

635. Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.

636. Division Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.

637. Department of Psychiatry and UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.

638. Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.

639. Department of Genetics and Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.

640. Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

Abstract

Brainstorming diseases Consistent classification of neuropsychiatric diseases is problematic because it can lead to misunderstanding of etiology. The Brainstorm Consortium examined multiple genome-wide association studies drawn from more than 200,000 patients for 25 brain-associated disorders and 17 phenotypes. Broadly, it appears that psychiatric and neurologic disorders share relatively little common genetic risk. However, different and independent pathways can result in similar clinical manifestations (e.g., psychosis, which occurs in both schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease). Schizophrenia correlated with many psychiatric disorders, whereas the immunopathological affliction Crohn's disease did not, and posttraumatic stress syndrome was also largely independent of underlying traits. Essentially, the earlier the onset of a disorder, the more inheritable it appeared to be. Science , this issue p. eaap8757

Funder

National Institute of Mental Health

Vetenskapsrådet

UK National Institute of Health Research

NIHR UCLH Biomedical research centre

Parkinsons UK

MRC-JPND

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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