Geomorphic and geologic controls of geohazards induced by Nepal’s 2015 Gorkha earthquake

Author:

Kargel J. S.1,Leonard G. J.1,Shugar D. H.2,Haritashya U. K.3,Bevington A.4,Fielding E. J.5,Fujita K.6,Geertsema M.4,Miles E. S.7,Steiner J.8,Anderson E.9,Bajracharya S.10,Bawden G. W.11,Breashears D. F.12,Byers A.13,Collins B.14,Dhital M. R.15,Donnellan A.5,Evans T. L.16,Geai M. L.17,Glasscoe M. T.5,Green D.11,Gurung D. R.10,Heijenk R.4,Hilborn A.16,Hudnut K.18,Huyck C.19,Immerzeel W. W.20,Liming Jiang21,Jibson R.22,Kääb A.23,Khanal N. R.10,Kirschbaum D.24,Kraaijenbrink P. D. A.20,Lamsal D.5,Shiyin Liu25,Mingyang Lv26,McKinney D.27,Nahirnick N. K.16,Zhuotong Nan28,Ojha S.5,Olsenholler J.29,Painter T. H.5,Pleasants M.3,Pratima K. C.30,Yuan Q. I.25,Raup B. H.31,Regmi D.32,Rounce D. R.33,Sakai A.6,Donghui Shangguan25,Shea J. M.10,Shrestha A. B.10,Shukla A.34,Stumm D.10,van der Kooij M.35,Voss K.36,Xin Wang37,Weihs B.38,Wolfe D.39,Lizong Wu26,Xiaojun Yao40,Yoder M. R.41,Young N.42

Affiliation:

1. Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.

2. School of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, WA, USA.

3. Department of Geology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA.

4. Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations, Prince George, BC, Canada.

5. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.

6. Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.

7. Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

8. Institute of Environmental Engineering, Federal Institute of Technology–ETH, Zurich, Switzerland.

9. NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA.

10. International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Kathmandu, Nepal.

11. NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC, USA.

12. GlacierWorks, Marblehead, MA, USA.

13. The Mountain Institute, Elkins, WV, USA.

14. U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA, USA.

15. Central Department of Geology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal.

16. Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.

17. CVA Engineering, Suresnes, France.

18. Earthquake Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Pasadena, CA, USA.

19. ImageCat, Long Beach, CA, USA.

20. Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.

21. State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth's Dynamics, Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.

22. U.S. Geological Survey, Golden, CO, USA.

23. Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway.

24. Hydrological Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA.

25. Cold and Arid Regions of Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.

26. School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.

27. Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.

28. School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.

29. Department of Geography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.

30. Arizona Remote Sensing Center, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.

31. National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.

32. Himalayan Research Center, Kathmandu, Nepal.

33. Environmental and Water Resources Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.

34. Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun, India.

35. MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates–GSI, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

36. Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.

37. College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China.

38. Geography Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.

39. Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS) Steward, Alaska Region, Anchorage, AK, USA.

40. College of Geographical Science and Environment, Northwest Normal University, China.

41. Department of Physics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.

42. Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.

Abstract

Nepal's quake-driven landslide hazards Large earthquakes can trigger dangerous landslides across a wide geographic region. The 2015 M w 7.8 Gorhka earthquake near Kathmandu, Nepal, was no exception. Kargal et al. used remote observations to compile a massive catalog of triggered debris flows. The satellite-based observations came from a rapid response team assisting the disaster relief effort. Schwanghart et al. show that Kathmandu escaped the historically catastrophic landslides associated with earthquakes in 1100, 1255, and 1344 C.E. near Nepal's second largest city, Pokhara. These two studies underscore the importance of determining slope stability in mountainous, earthquake-prone regions. Science , this issue p. 10.1126/science.aac8353 ; see also p. 147

Funder

Chinese Academy of Sciences

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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