Polarized x-rays from a magnetar-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Polarized x-rays from a magnetar

Published:2022-11-11 Issue:6620 Volume:378 Page:646-650
ISSN:0036-8075
Container-title:Science
language:en
Short-container-title:Science

Author:

Taverna Roberto¹^ORCID,Turolla Roberto¹²,Muleri Fabio³^ORCID,Heyl Jeremy⁴^ORCID,Zane Silvia²^ORCID,Baldini Luca⁵⁶^ORCID,González-Caniulef Denis⁴^ORCID,Bachetti Matteo⁷^ORCID,Rankin John³^ORCID,Caiazzo Ilaria⁸^ORCID,Di Lalla Niccolò⁹^ORCID,Doroshenko Victor¹⁰^ORCID,Errando Manel¹¹^ORCID,Gau Ephraim¹¹^ORCID,Kırmızıbayrak Demet⁴^ORCID,Krawczynski Henric¹¹^ORCID,Negro Michela¹²¹³¹⁴^ORCID,Ng Mason¹⁵^ORCID,Omodei Nicola⁹^ORCID,Possenti Andrea⁷^ORCID,Tamagawa Toru¹⁶¹⁷¹⁸^ORCID,Uchiyama Keisuke¹⁷¹⁸^ORCID,Weisskopf Martin C.¹⁹^ORCID,Agudo Ivan²⁰^ORCID,Antonelli Lucio A.²¹²²,Baumgartner Wayne H.¹⁹,Bellazzini Ronaldo⁶,Bianchi Stefano²³^ORCID,Bongiorno Stephen D.¹⁹^ORCID,Bonino Raffaella²⁴²⁵^ORCID,Brez Alessandro⁶,Bucciantini Niccolò²⁶²⁷²⁸,Capitanio Fiamma³^ORCID,Castellano Simone⁶^ORCID,Cavazzuti Elisabetta²⁹^ORCID,Ciprini Stefano²²³⁰^ORCID,Costa Enrico³,De Rosa Alessandra³,Del Monte Ettore³^ORCID,Di Gesu Laura²⁹^ORCID,Di Marco Alessandro³^ORCID,Donnarumma Immacolata²⁹,Dovčiak Michal³¹^ORCID,Ehlert Steven R.¹⁹^ORCID,Enoto Teruaki¹⁶^ORCID,Evangelista Yuri³^ORCID,Fabiani Sergio³,Ferrazzoli Riccardo³,Garcia Javier A.³²^ORCID,Gunji Shuichi³³^ORCID,Hayashida Kiyoshi³⁴,Iwakiri Wataru³⁵,Jorstad Svetlana G.³⁶³⁷^ORCID,Karas Vladimir³¹,Kitaguchi Takao¹⁶,Kolodziejczak Jeffery J.¹⁹^ORCID,La Monaca Fabio³^ORCID,Latronico Luca²⁴^ORCID,Liodakis Ioannis³⁸^ORCID,Maldera Simone²⁴^ORCID,Manfreda Alberto⁶^ORCID,Marin Frédéric³⁹^ORCID,Marinucci Andrea²⁹^ORCID,Marscher Alan P.³⁶^ORCID,Marshall Herman L.¹⁵,Matt Giorgio²³^ORCID,Mitsuishi Ikuyuki⁴⁰,Mizuno Tsunefumi⁴¹^ORCID,Ng Stephen C.-Y.⁴²^ORCID,O’Dell Stephen L.¹⁹^ORCID,Oppedisano Chiara²⁴^ORCID,Papitto Alessandro²¹^ORCID,Pavlov George G.⁴³,Peirson Abel L.⁹^ORCID,Perri Matteo²¹²²^ORCID,Pesce-Rollins Melissa⁶^ORCID,Pilia Maura⁷,Poutanen Juri⁴⁴⁴⁵^ORCID,Puccetti Simonetta²²,Ramsey Brian D.¹⁹,Ratheesh Ajay³^ORCID,Romani Roger W.⁹,Sgrò Carmelo⁶^ORCID,Slane Patrick⁴⁶,Soffitta Paolo³^ORCID,Spandre Gloria⁶^ORCID,Tavecchio Fabrizio⁴⁷^ORCID,Tawara Yuzuru⁴⁰,Tennant Allyn F.¹⁹^ORCID,Thomas Nicholas E.¹⁹,Tombesi Francesco⁴⁸^ORCID,Trois Alessio⁷,Tsygankov Sergey S.⁴⁴⁴⁵^ORCID,Vink Jacco⁴⁹,Wu Kinwah²,Xie Fei⁵⁰^ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy.

2. Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary Dorking RH5 6NT, UK.

3. Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), I-00133 Roma, Italy.

4. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.

5. Dipartimento di Fisica Enrico Fermi, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.

6. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.

7. Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, INAF, I-09047 Selargius, Italy.

8. Theoretical AstroPhysics Including Relativity and Cosmology, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.

9. Deparment of Physics and Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

10. Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.

11. Physics Department and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.

12. Center for Space Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.

13. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.

14. Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.

15. Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

16. RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.

17. RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.

18. Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.

19. NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), Huntsville, AL 35812, USA.

20. Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, 18008 Granada, Spain.

21. Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, INAF, 00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy.

22. Space Science Data Center (SSDC), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), 00133 Roma, Italy.

23. Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, 00146 Roma, Italy.

24. INFN Sezione di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy.

25. Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy.

26. Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, INAF, 50125 Firenze, Italy.

27. Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.

28. INFN Sezione di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.

29. ASI, 00133 Roma, Italy.

30. INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy.

31. Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14100 Praha 4, Czech Republic.

32. Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.

33. Department of Physics, Yamagata University, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata-shi 990-8560, Japan.

34. Department of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.

35. Department of Physics, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan.

36. Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.

37. Laboratory of Observational Astrophysics, St. Petersburg University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia.

38. Finnish Centre for Astronomy with the European Southern Observatory, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland.

39. Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.

40. Division of Particle and Astrophysical Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan.

41. Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.

42. Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.

43. Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA.

44. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland.

45. Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia.

46. Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.

47. Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, INAF, 23807 Merate, Italy.

48. Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy.

49. Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.

50. Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.

Abstract

Magnetars are neutron stars with ultrastrong magnetic fields, which can be observed in x-rays. Polarization measurements could provide information on their magnetic fields and surface properties. We observed polarized x-rays from the magnetar 4U 0142+61 using the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer and found a linear polarization degree of 13.5 ± 0.8% averaged over the 2– to 8–kilo–electron volt band. The polarization changes with energy: The degree is 15.0 ± 1.0% at 2 to 4 kilo–electron volts, drops below the instrumental sensitivity ~4 to 5 kilo–electron volts, and rises to 35.2 ± 7.1% at 5.5 to 8 kilo–electron volts. The polarization angle also changes by 90° at ~4 to 5 kilo–electron volts. These results are consistent with a model in which thermal radiation from the magnetar surface is reprocessed by scattering off charged particles in the magnetosphere.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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