Great apes anticipate that other individuals will act according to false beliefs

Author:

Krupenye Christopher1,Kano Fumihiro23,Hirata Satoshi2,Call Josep45,Tomasello Michael56

Affiliation:

1. Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.

2. Kumamoto Sanctuary, Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.

3. Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan.

4. School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK.

5. Department of Developmental and Comparative Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.

6. Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.

Abstract

Apes understand false beliefs We humans tend to believe that our cognitive skills are unique, not only in degree, but also in kind. The more closely we look at other species, however, the clearer it becomes that the difference is one of degree. Krupenye et al. show that three different species of apes are able to anticipate that others may have mistaken beliefs about a situation (see the Perspective by de Waal). The apes appear to understand that individuals have different perceptions about the world, thus overturning the human-only paradigm of the theory of mind. Science , this issue p. 110 ; see also p. 39

Funder

NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program

Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

European Research Council

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

Reference19 articles.

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3. Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind? 30 years later

4. Do chimpanzees know what conspecifics know?

5. Chimpanzees know what others know, but not what they believe

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