Plastin 3 Is a Protective Modifier of Autosomal Recessive Spinal Muscular Atrophy

Author:

Oprea Gabriela E.12345,Kröber Sandra12345,McWhorter Michelle L.12345,Rossoll Wilfried12345,Müller Stefan12345,Krawczak Michael12345,Bassell Gary J.12345,Beattie Christine E.12345,Wirth Brunhilde12345

Affiliation:

1. Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.

2. Institute of Genetics, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.

3. Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.

4. Centre for Molecular Neurobiology and Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.

5. Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.

Abstract

Homozygous deletion of the survival motor neuron 1 gene ( SMN1 ) causes spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), the most frequent genetic cause of early childhood lethality. In rare instances, however, individuals are asymptomatic despite carrying the same SMN1 mutations as their affected siblings, thereby suggesting the influence of modifier genes. We discovered that unaffected SMN1 -deleted females exhibit significantly higher expression of plastin 3 ( PLS3 ) than their SMA-affected counterparts. We demonstrated that PLS3 is important for axonogenesis through increasing the F-actin level. Overexpression of PLS3 rescued the axon length and outgrowth defects associated with SMN down-regulation in motor neurons of SMA mouse embryos and in zebrafish. Our study suggests that defects in axonogenesis are the major cause of SMA, thereby opening new therapeutic options for SMA and similar neuromuscular diseases.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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