Detection of High-Energy Gamma-Ray Emission from the Globular Cluster 47 Tucanae with Fermi-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Detection of High-Energy Gamma-Ray Emission from the Globular Cluster 47 Tucanae with Fermi

Published:2009-08-14 Issue:5942 Volume:325 Page:845-848
ISSN:0036-8075
Container-title:Science
language:en
Short-container-title:Science

Author:

Abdo A. A.¹,Ackermann M.²,Ajello M.²,Atwood W. B.³,Axelsson M.⁴⁵,Baldini L.⁶,Ballet J.⁷,Barbiellini G.⁸⁹,Bastieri D.¹⁰¹¹,Baughman B. M.¹²,Bechtol K.²,Bellazzini R.⁶,Berenji B.²,Blandford R. D.²,Bloom E. D.²,Bonamente E.¹³¹⁴,Borgland A. W.²,Bregeon J.⁶,Brez A.⁶,Brigida M.¹⁵¹⁶,Bruel P.¹⁷,Burnett T. H.¹⁸,Caliandro G. A.¹⁵¹⁶,Cameron R. A.²,Caraveo P. A.¹⁹,Casandjian J. M.⁷,Cecchi C.¹³¹⁴,Çelik Ö.²⁰,Charles E.²,Chaty S.⁷,Chekhtman A.¹²¹,Cheung C. C.²⁰,Chiang J.²,Ciprini S.¹³¹⁴,Claus R.²,Cohen-Tanugi J.²²,Conrad J.⁴²³²⁴,Cutini S.²⁵,Dermer C. D.¹,de Palma F.¹⁵¹⁶,Digel S. W.²,Dormody M.³,do Couto e Silva E.²,Drell P. S.²,Dubois R.²,Dumora D.²⁶²⁷,Farnier C.²²,Favuzzi C.¹⁵¹⁶,Fegan S. J.¹⁷,Focke W. B.²,Frailis M.²⁸,Fukazawa Y.²⁹,Fusco P.¹⁵¹⁶,Gargano F.¹⁶,Gasparrini D.²⁵,Gehrels N.²⁰³⁰,Germani S.¹³¹⁴,Giebels B.¹⁷,Giglietto N.¹⁵¹⁶,Giordano F.¹⁵¹⁶,Glanzman T.²,Godfrey G.²,Grenier I. A.⁷,Grove J. E.¹,Guillemot L.²⁶²⁷,Guiriec S.³¹,Hanabata Y.²⁹,Harding A. K.²⁰,Hayashida M.²,Hays E.²⁰,Horan D.¹⁷,Hughes R. E.¹²,Jóhannesson G.²,Johnson A. S.²,Johnson R. P.³,Johnson T. J.²⁰³⁰,Johnson W. N.¹,Kamae T.²,Katagiri H.²⁹,Kawai N.³²³³,Kerr M.¹⁸,Knödlseder J.³⁴,Kuehn F.¹²,Kuss M.⁶,Lande J.²,Latronico L.⁶,Lemoine-Goumard M.²⁶²⁷,Longo F.⁸⁹,Loparco F.¹⁵¹⁶,Lott B.²⁶²⁷,Lovellette M. N.¹,Lubrano P.¹³¹⁴,Makeev A.¹²¹,Mazziotta M. N.¹⁶,McConville W.²⁰³⁰,McEnery J. E.²⁰,Meurer C.⁴²⁴,Michelson P. F.²,Mitthumsiri W.²,Mizuno T.²⁹,Moiseev A. A.³⁰³⁵,Monte C.¹⁵¹⁶,Monzani M. E.²,Morselli A.³⁶,Moskalenko I. V.²,Murgia S.²,Nolan P. L.²,Norris J. P.³⁷,Nuss E.²²,Ohsugi T.²⁹,Omodei N.⁶,Orlando E.³⁸,Ormes J. F.³⁷,Paneque D.²,Panetta J. H.²,Parent D.²⁶²⁷,Pelassa V.²²,Pepe M.¹³¹⁴,Pierbattista M.⁷,Piron F.²²,Porter T. A.³,Rainò S.¹⁵¹⁶,Rando R.¹⁰¹¹,Razzano M.⁶,Rea N.³⁹⁴⁰,Reimer A.²⁴¹,Reimer O.²⁴¹,Reposeur T.²⁶²⁷,Ritz S.²⁰,Rochester L. S.²,Rodriguez A. Y.⁴⁰,Romani R. W.²,Roth M.¹⁸,Ryde F.⁴²³,Sadrozinski H. F.-W.³,Sanchez D.¹⁷,Sander A.¹²,Saz Parkinson P. M.³,Sgrò C.⁶,Smith D. A.²⁶²⁷,Smith P. D.¹²,Spandre G.⁶,Spinelli P.¹⁵¹⁶,Starck J.-L.⁷,Strickman M. S.¹,Suson D. J.⁴²,Tajima H.²,Takahashi H.²⁹,Tanaka T.²,Thayer J. B.²,Thayer J. G.²,Thompson D. J.²⁰,Tibaldo L.¹⁰¹¹,Torres D. F.⁴⁰⁴³,Tosti G.¹³¹⁴,Tramacere A.²⁴⁴,Uchiyama Y.²,Usher T. L.²,Vasileiou V.³⁵⁴⁵,Vilchez N.³⁴,Vitale V.³⁶⁴⁶,Wang P.²,Webb N.³⁴,Winer B. L.¹²,Wood K. S.¹,Ylinen T.⁴²³⁴⁷,Ziegler M.³

Affiliation:

1. Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA.

2. W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics, and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

3. Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.

4. Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmo Particle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.

5. Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.

6. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.

7. Laboratoire AIM, CEA-IRFU/CNRS/Université Paris Diderot, Service d’Astrophysique, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.

8. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.

9. Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.

10. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy.

11. Dipartimento di Fisica “G. Galilei,” Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy.

12. Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.

13. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy.

14. Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy.

15. Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy.

16. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy.

17. Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, Palaiseau, France.

18. Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.

19. INAF–Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, I-20133 Milano, Italy.

20. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.

21. George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA.

22. Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Astroparticules, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, Montpellier, France.

23. Department of Physics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.

24. Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.

25. Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, I-00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy.

26. CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d’Études Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, 33175 Gradignan, France.

27. Université de Bordeaux, Centre d’Études Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, 33175 Gradignan, France.

28. Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Udine and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, Gruppo Collegato di Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy.

29. Department of Physical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.

30. University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.

31. University of Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA.

32. Cosmic Radiation Laboratory, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.

33. Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro City, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.

34. Centre d’Étude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, BP 44346, F-31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.

35. Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.

36. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma “Tor Vergata,” I-00133 Roma, Italy.

37. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA.

38. Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, 85748 Garching, Germany.

39. Sterrenkundig Institut “Anton Pannekoek,” 1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands.

40. Institut de Ciencies de l’Espai (IEEC-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.

41. Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.

42. Department of Chemistry and Physics, Purdue University Calumet, Hammond, IN 46323, USA.

43. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain.

44. Consorzio Interuniversitario per la Fisica Spaziale, I-10133 Torino, Italy.

45. University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.

46. Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma “Tor Vergata,” I-00133 Roma, Italy.

47. School of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences, University of Kalmar, SE-391 82 Kalmar, Sweden.

Abstract

Gamma-Ray Pulsar Bonanza Most of the pulsars we know about were detected through their radio emission; a few are known to pulse gamma rays but were first detected at other wavelengths (see the Perspective by

Halpern

). Using the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope, Abdo et al. (p. 840 , published online 2 July; see the cover) report the detection of 16 previously unknown pulsars based on their gamma-ray emission alone. Thirteen of these coincide with previously unidentified gamma-ray sources, solving the 30-year-old mystery of their identities. Pulsars are fast-rotating neutron stars. With time they slow down and cease to radiate; however, if they are in a binary system, they can have their spin rates increased by mass transfer from their companion stars, starting a new life as millisecond pulsars. In another study, Abdo et al. (p. 845 ) report the detection of gamma-ray emission from the globular cluster 47 Tucanae, which is coming from an ensemble of millisecond pulsars in the cluster's core. The data imply that there are up to 60 millisecond pulsars in 47 Tucanae, twice as many as predicted by radio observations. In a further companion study, Abdo et al. (p. 848 , published online 2 July) searched Fermi Large Area Telescope data for pulsations from all known millisecond pulsars outside of stellar clusters, finding gamma-ray pulsations for eight of them. Their properties resemble those of other gamma-ray pulsars, suggesting that they share the same basic emission mechanism. Indeed, both sets of pulsars favor emission models in which the gamma rays are produced in the outer magnetosphere of the neutron star.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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