Beyond fossil fuel–driven nitrogen transformations

Author:

Chen Jingguang G.12ORCID,Crooks Richard M.3ORCID,Seefeldt Lance C.4ORCID,Bren Kara L.5ORCID,Bullock R. Morris6ORCID,Darensbourg Marcetta Y.7,Holland Patrick L.8ORCID,Hoffman Brian9ORCID,Janik Michael J.10,Jones Anne K.11ORCID,Kanatzidis Mercouri G.9ORCID,King Paul12ORCID,Lancaster Kyle M.13ORCID,Lymar Sergei V.2ORCID,Pfromm Peter14ORCID,Schneider William F.15ORCID,Schrock Richard R.16ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.

2. Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA.

3. Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.

4. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84332, USA.

5. Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.

6. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA.

7. Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.

8. Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.

9. Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.

10. Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.

11. School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85282, USA.

12. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA.

13. Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Baker Laboratory, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.

14. Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6515, USA.

15. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.

16. Department of Chemistry, MIT, 6-331, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

Abstract

Transforming nitrogen without carbon How much carbon does it take to make nitric acid? The counterintuitive answer nowadays is quite a lot. Nitric acid is manufactured by ammonia oxidation, and all the hydrogen to make ammonia via the Haber-Bosch process comes from methane. That's without even accounting for the fossil fuels burned to power the process. Chen et al. review research prospects for more sustainable routes to nitrogen commodity chemicals, considering developments in enzymatic, homogeneous, and heterogeneous catalysis, as well as electrochemical, photochemical, and plasma-based approaches. Science , this issue p. eaar6611

Funder

Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

Reference79 articles.

1. How a century of ammonia synthesis changed the world

2. Detonator of the population explosion

3. International Fertilizer Industry Association “Ammonia production: Moving towards maximum efficiency and lower GHG emissions ” 2014; www.fertilizer.org/images/Library_Downloads/2014_ifa_ff_ammonia_emissions_july.pdf.

4. G. Booth H. Zollinger K. McLaren W. Sharples A. E. Westwall in Ullmanns Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry B. Elvers S. Hawkins G. Schulz Eds. (2002) vol. 17.

5. Energy efficiency improvements in ammonia production—perspectives and uncertainties

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