Screening Obstructive Sleep Apnea in the Elderly: Evaluating Five Questionnaire-Based Tools

Abstract

Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) often leads to complications in the elderly. This study compares the usefulness of five screening tools for OSA in elderly patients. Method Data from elderly patients diagnosed with OSA, collected from the Sleep Medicine Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January 2012 to June 2017, is analyzed. The sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, area under the curve (AUC), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of the five screening tools are computed and compared. Results 273 elderly patients with suspected OSA are included, of whom 189 are male (69.2%). The Berlin Questionnaire has an AUC of 0.670 (95%CI: 0.611–0.725) at different cut-off points. The sensitivity and specificity of the Berlin Questionnaire are noticeably high at 0.653 (0.587–0.719) and 0.608 (0.497–0.719), 0.699 (0.621–0.776) and 0.533 (0.449–0.616), and 0.803 (0.713–0.892) and 0.503 (0.433–0.572) when the AHI is 5, 15, and 30 times/hour, respectively. The GOAL Questionnaire has the highest DOR at AHI cut-off points of 5 and 15 times/hour, while Berlin has the highest DOR at an AHI cut-off point of 30 times/hour. Conclusion The Berlin Questionnaire is a preferred screening tool for suspected OSA in elderly patients aged 60 years and older.