Pesticides Handling, Risk Management and Estimation of Exposure Levels in Potato Farming Under Small Scale Production

Abstract

Abstract Management of biotic stresses in agriculture solely depends on the use of pesticides globally. Little is currently known on the health risks attributed to pesticides in potato farming in Kenya. The level of exposure and safety precautions adopted by operators to avoid hazards attributed to handling of chemicals and develop an easy to use model of exposure in potato farming was investigated. A total of 197 potato farmers from Nyandarua County in Kenya were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Data on pesticides handling parameters were collected. Results revealed that, most hazardous chemical (WHO class III) were highly (75%) used, whilst biologicals were unfamiliar to farmers. Majority of farmers were in agreement that, pesticides posed health risks (85%) and (90%) environmental impairment. Only 46% of the farmers were aware of pesticides safety, while 36% used personal protective equipments (PPEs) when handling pesticides. In addition, the percentage of farmers who could read and understand chemical label was 30%. Trained and educated farmers were more likely to follow pesticides safety precautions (88%). Poor disposal of chemical leftovers and empty containers was evident whereas most farmers (86%) had no standard storage facility for pesticides. Lack of training (70%) was pointed out as the major constrain. Merely, 10% experienced self-reported symptoms of acute poisoning. Estimation of exposure elucidated that, potato growers are at high risk to metalaxyl and mancozeb exposure. Therefore multi-institutional interventions would be crucial in providing sustainable solutions.