Affiliation:
1. University of Jeddah
2. University of Monastir
Abstract
Abstract
Background
in recent years, it has become necessary to use natural food colorants to protect against different diseases and disorders. The present study aimed to purify, evaluate the stability, and investigate the effect of purified Spirulina C-Phycocyanin (CPC) on digestive and metabolic enzymes linked to hyperglycemia.
Methods
the purification of CPC was performed using column chromatography to isolate compounds and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography combined with diode array detector (DAD) and ultraviolet spectroscopy (DAD-HPLC-UV) and infrared Fourier transform (FTIR).
Results
the findings of this study indicate that CPC is stable at temperatures below 45°C and at a pH range of 5 to 7, as well as during storage at 4°C. In diabetic rats, the ingestion of CPC by diabetic rats suppressed key enzymes related to inflammation in pancreas, such as 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO), hyaluronidase (HAase), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and NADPH oxidase (NOX2 activities) by 48, 41, 75, and 47%, respectively. Additionally, it reduced the pancreas thiobarbituric acid reactive substance rates (TBARS) by 59%, and stimulated the level of nitric oxide (NO) by approximately 164%. Moreover, CPC powerfully suppressed intestinal lipase, α-amylase, maltase, and sucrose activities, and significantly decreased glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Furthermore, CPC ingestion by diabetic rats suppressed glycogen phosphorylase (GP), stimulated Glycogen synthase (GS) activities, and regulated glycogen content in the liver of diabetic rats. In addition, CPC supplementation to diabetic rats modulated hepatic key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in the liver, such as hexokinase (HK), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), glucose-6-phosphatase (G6P), and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP), as well as average food and water intake (AFI and AWI), resulting in a decrease in blood glucose level by 56% compared to untreated diabetic rats.
Conclusion
Overall, the results of this research showed that CPC can be used as a functional food coloring as well as a compound to prevent various pathologies such as ulcers, oxidative stress, inflammation and metabolic diseases.
Publisher
Research Square Platform LLC
Reference53 articles.
1. Saeedi P, Petersohn I, Salpea P, Malanda B, Karuranga S, Unwin N et al. Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: Results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th edition. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2019;157:107843.
2. Tiss M, Souiy Z, Achour L, Hamden K. extracts exerts anti-obesity, anti-hyperglycemia, anti-antipyretic and analgesic effects. Nutr Food Sci [Internet]. 2021;ahead-of-p. https://doi.org/10.1108/NFS-03-2021-0086.
3. Tiss M, Hamden K. Globularia alypum Extracts Attenuate Hyperglycemia and Protect against Various Organ Toxicities in Alloxan-Induced Experimental Diabetic Rats. Smaoui S, editor. Evidence-Based Complement Altern Med [Internet]. 2022;2022:6816942. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6816942.
4. Fermented soy milk prepared using kefir grains prevents and ameliorates obesity, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia and Liver-Kidney toxicities in HFFD-rats;Tiss M;J Funct Foods,2020
5. Food additives: Assessing the impact of exposure to permitted emulsifiers on bowel and metabolic health–introducing the FADiets study;Partridge D;Nutr Bull,2019